Disease relevance of Venous Insufficiency

• Similarly, better known drugs such as calcium dobisilate (used in diabetic retinopathy and chronic venous insufficiency), nitrates and nifedipine have also been effective and well tolerated in the medical treatment of haemorrhoids [1].
• METHODS: Chosen for the study were 24 limbs of 16 patients with CEAP classification 3 to 6, ultrasound-documented greater saphenous insufficiency, and venous diameters between 3.9 mm and 17 mm (mean, 8.04 mm) without phlebitis, saphenous aneurysms, congenital malformations, or deep venous insufficiency [2].
• The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation, and vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in patients with chronic venous insufficiency [3].
• However, the role of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) disease progression and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in agonist-induced cellular proliferation is ill-defined [4].
• Our indications for this procedure have been extended to include signs and symptoms of advanced venous insufficiency which persist after multiple operative procedures for recurrent varicose veins in the absence of deep venous thrombosis [5].

High impact information on Venous Insufficiency

• However, venous insufficiency is a clinical finding not reportedly associated with Norrie disease [6].
• Thus the model could be useful for defining the fundamental mechanisms that cause venous valve failure and varicose veins and in pharmacologic testing to prevent or treat venous insufficiency [7].
• BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to evaluate the immediate venous morphologic alterations produced in the great saphenous veins by the endovenous diode 808-nm laser used for the treatment of superficial venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower limbs and to clarify the clinical implications of the histologic findings [2].
• Regarding "Optimal therapy for advanced chronic venous insufficiency" [8].
• Role of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in chronic venous insufficiency [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Venous Insufficiency

• Although potentially lethal if unrecognized and treated simply as venous insufficiency, chronic therapy with warfarin offers palliation and prolongs life [10].
• PURPOSE: The North American Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (NASEPS) Registry was established to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of minimally invasive endoscopic Linton operations for treatment of chronic venous insufficiency [11].
• METHODS: Indexes of venous valvular function, including venous filling time, 90% of venous refilling time, and simulated ambulatory venous pressure, were measured in 11 greyhounds before intervention (Control) and after hind limb venous valvulotomy, which produces chronic venous insufficiency [12].
• CONCLUSION: The demonstration of a significant reduction in Ang II and NE contractile activities and the important reduction of that of ET-1 in the diseased veins as compared with the control tissues extends the previous observations regarding the impairment of smooth muscle contractility in primary chronic venous insufficiency [13].
• Daflon 500 mg, is a micronized purified flavonoid fraction, containing 90% w/w diosmin and 10% w/w of flavonoids expressed as hesperidin, used clinically in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoidal disease [14].

Biological context of Venous Insufficiency

• An abnormality in platelet aggregability or fibrinolysis, namely elevated activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been recently documented in patients suffering from Klinefelter's syndrome associated with leg ulceration without underlying venous insufficiency [15].
• Since haemostatic factors are involved in the processes of fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation, it is conceivable that such processes may be implicated in the pathology of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) [16].
• PURPOSE: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and varicose vein (VV) formation is characterized histologically by the transformation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) from a contractile to a secretory phenotype and by intense collagen deposition [17].
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Veliten (rutine, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) in patients with chronic venous insufficiency [18].

Anatomical context of Venous Insufficiency

• Endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein for treatment of venous insufficiency and varicose veins: early results from a large single-center experience [19].
• Dermal capillaries in the goiter area of the lower leg were examined by video-microscopy before and after the administration of intravenous fluorescein in 13 patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) who were at risk of developing leg ulceration, and in 13 normal controls [20].
• The authors describe its effects on the microcirculation in chronic venous insufficiency: improvement of venous tone, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, protection against free radicals, activation of the complement system, and increased lymphatic drainage [21].

Gene context of Venous Insufficiency

• Here, we investigated changes of Pan-CK, CK 10, and CK 14 expression in the epidermis in various stages of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) [22].
• Changes of cytokeratin expression in the epidermis with chronic venous insufficiency [22].
• Modulation of urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activator occurs at an early stage of progressing stages of chronic venous insufficiency [23].
• Severity of venous insufficiency is related to the density of microvascular deposition of PAI-1, uPA and von Willebrand factor [24].
• Patterns of epidermal growth factor receptor, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta3 expression in skin with chronic venous insufficiency [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Venous Insufficiency

• A new method for the assessment of venous insufficiency in primary varicose veins using near-infrared spectroscopy [26].
• PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine whether duplex scanning (DS) alone, compared with ascending phlebography (AP) and descending phlebography (DP), would have been sufficient to guide treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), CEAP Clinical Classes 5 and 6 [27].
• Physiologic similarities between extremities with varicose veins and with chronic venous insufficiency utilizing air plethysmography [28].
• Superficial chronic venous insufficiency (varicose veins) is effectively managed with ligation and stripping of incompetent perforator and superficial veins to restore normal venous physiology [29].
• Despite thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin, asymptomatic DVT is common after total joint arthroplasty and is responsible for the development of post-thrombotic venous insufficiency and post-thrombotic syndrome in a considerable proportion of patients [30].

References