Disease relevance of Phlebitis

• Other toxicities included phlebitis from 5-FU in 71%, skin toxicity in 11%, mild alopecia in 25%, and fatigue in 54% of patients [1].
• However, 9% of patients developed transient ataxia with or without neurocortical changes as a result of high-dose tamoxifen therapy, and 11% developed phlebitis [2].
• Animals maintained on heparin developed catheter-related colonization, bacteremia, septic phlebitis, and endocarditis [3].
• A case of unsuspected, asymptomatic, partial thrombotic occlusion of the inferior vena cava secondary to endometritis and periphlebitis is presented [4].
• CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Popliteal cysts are fairly common, may not be found on physical examination, require imaging (preferably sonography) to be identified, mimic phlebitis when extending into the calf, and often respond to intra-articular steroid or, rarely, surgical resection [5].

Psychiatry related information on Phlebitis

• Nausea, vomiting, amnesia and phlebitis were uncommon after either phenoperidine or diazepam [6].
• Response time and safety profile of pulsed oral methotrexate therapy in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis [7].

High impact information on Phlebitis

• The incidence of phlebitis was determined for heparin-lock needles after use of three different methods of skin preparation and follow-up care [8].
• However, drug fever, phlebitis, and abnormal renal function occurred more often in the patients receiving cephalosporin therapy [9].
• Central vein phlebitis and occlusion developed in a patient who was receiving immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine (Imuran) and prednisone after renal transplantation [10].
• Phlebitis and serum changes in the plasma concentration of glucose or potassium were observed more often with GIK [11].
• Phlebitis was the only complication that was more common during PGE1 administration, (PGE1: 9; controls: 4) [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Phlebitis

• Disposition of bisantrene in humans and rabbits: evidence for intravascular deposition of drug as a cause of phlebitis [13].
• Phlebitis occurred at the site of infusion when the dose of dipyridamole exceeded 13.5 mg/kg/72 h [14].
• Adverse effects of cefazolin were carefully monitored: no rash, phlebitis, or emergence of resistant strains was observed [15].
• In one patient in the cefoxitin-treated group, local phlebitis developed at the infusion site [16].
• The toxic reactions to acyclovir consist of phlebitis, local irritation, and occasionally, reversible renal dysfunction [17].

Biological context of Phlebitis

• In animal toxicology studies, transient changes in erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers, local phlebitis, diarrhea, and spermatogenic arrest were observed [18].

Anatomical context of Phlebitis

• Erythromycin and dicloxacillin are known to induce phlebitis frequently, as well as to exert toxic effects on cultured endothelial cells [19].
• Neutrophil degranulation in response to GM-CSF may be involved in the phlebitis associated with therapeutic administration of GM-CSF [20].
• Hypertonic dextrose solutions, an essential part of parenteral nutrition infusions, have a sclerogenic effect upon vascular endothelium and frequently cause phlebitis or thrombosis, or both [21].
• A case of recurrent, superficial phlebitis in the lower extremities, with raised blood uric acid levels, responsive to colchicine and to urate pool depletion, but unassociated with articular complaint is reported [22].

Gene context of Phlebitis

• After adjusting for age, subjects with VV tend to be younger and female, to more frequently have a history of phlebitis, and to report a family history of VV more frequently than control subjects [23].
• Of the total of 21 episodes the SLE was considered to be active in 14, inactive in 6, and variable in a patient with recurring phlebitis [24].
• The phlebitis rates for lines left in for 72 and 96 hours were not significantly different (3.3% vs 2.6%, p = 1.000) by Fisher's Exact Test and survival analysis [25].
• Common early complications of EVLP are: local paraesthesia of the treated area in 92 legs (36.5%), ecchymosis and dyschromia in 58 legs (23.0%), superficial burn injury in 12 legs (4.8%), superficial phlebitis in four legs (1.6%), and localized hematoma in two legs (0.8%) at 3 weeks post-operatively [26].
• RESULTS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) was found in 41 patients of whom 1 had periphlebitis retinae (PR) and 2 had venous sheathing (VS) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Phlebitis

• Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to phlebitis at the intravenous infusion site in two patients; another patient developed bloody diarrhea [28].
• Clinical follow-up (average 323 +/- 460 days) showed no adverse effects of phlebitis as judged by temporal changes in serum creatinine and the grade of chronic allograft nephropathy in follow-up biopsies [29].
• After 48 hours the incidence of phlebitis was 94 percent in the control group but only 41 percent in the group receiving heparin and hydrocortisone (p less than 0.005) [30].
• Length of hospitalization, hospital costs, and the incidence of heparin-induced infusion phlebitis and thrombocytopenia were significantly less in the early group compared with the late group [31].
• Initial clinical trials have demonstrated that uridine (Urd) rescue given i.v. over at least 3 days can ameliorate 5-fluorouracil (FUra) toxicity; to avoid Urd-induced phlebitis in the peripheral veins of patients, a central vein is used [32].

References