Disease relevance of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Effects of epidural steroid injection on pain due to lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated disks: a prospective study [1].
• Gadolinium contrast also finds vital application in differentiating herniated disc from epidural fibrosis in the failed-back surgery syndrome, as well as hypointense disc from enhancing tumor in select cases [2].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine correlations between herniated disc phospholipase A2 and clinical, radiographic, and anatomic signs of common sciatica; to evaluate serum phospholipase A2 activity as a marker of disc phospholipase A2; and to investigate the in vivo effect of piroxicam on disc phospholipase A2 [3].
• Intrathecal prednisolone therapy in postoperative arachnoiditis following operation of herniated disc [4].
• In addition to improving diagnosis of neoplasia, gadolinium use is often necessary to demonstrate most cranial neuropathies and to differentiate herniated disc from epidural fibrosis in the failed-back surgery syndrome [5].

High impact information on Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Matrix metalloproteinase-3-dependent generation of a macrophage chemoattractant in a model of herniated disc resorption [6].
• Matrix metalloproteinase-7-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a model of herniated disc resorption [7].
• Material from 100 consecutive operations on herniated discs has been investigated for amyloid [8].
• Herniated discs after administration of MMP-7 and chymopapain showed a significant decrease in protruded mass 7 days after administration compared with saline-treated discs when evaluated by myelography (p<0.01) [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to rh MMP-7 resulted in promising proteoglycan loss in human surgical samples, normal rabbit intervertebral discs, and natural canine herniated discs [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Eighteen patients had previously been operated on for herniated discs; seven of these (39%) had pyrophosphate deposits in their disc tissue, often in close topographical relation to amyloid [8].
• Three patients with cervical radicular symptoms and normal metrizamide myelograms underwent thin-section high-resolution computed tomographic scanning because of a strong clinical suspicion of herniated disk [10].
• Biologically active substances, such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid cascade, are detected in herniated disc samples obtained from patients with lumbar disc herniation [11].
• There is no previous report on the evaluation of gadolinium enhancement characteristics in dogs with concurrent herniated disc and scar [12].
• Similarly, the levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in the herniated discs compared with the control discs [13].

Biological context of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Although the mechanical and positional stresses of pregnancy are the primary inciting factors contributing to lumbosacral pain accompanying gestation, in approximately 1:10,000 cases a herniated disk (HNP) can be identified as the proximal cause of pain [14].
• The herniated discs were examined by gross appearance and histology and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was investigated [15].

Anatomical context of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Lymphocytes were more numerous only in herniated disc samples (15%), and their presence showed little overlap with phospholipase A2 immunoreactivity [16].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine whether free glutamate is available in herniated disc material in concentrations sufficient to diffuse to glutamate receptors and affect the activity of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion that may transmit pain information [17].
• The herniated disc specimens were routinely fixed in a 10% buffered formaline solution and paraffin-embedded; 5 microm thin sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies CD-68 for macrophages, CD-45 RO for T cells and CD-20 for B cells [18].
• Amyloid deposits of immunohistochemically different classes in the ligamentum flavum in biopsies from patients with herniated discs or lumbar spinal stenosis [19].

Gene context of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in herniated disc resorption [20].
• RESULTS: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 were detected in both control and herniated disc specimens [21].
• The finding that most of the patients with increased concentrations of IL-8 in CSF had an extrusion or a sequestration may suggest that the increase in IL-8 is related to mechanical nerve root compression, but may also indicate a biochemical effect exerted by the herniated disc on the surrounding tissue [22].
• Administration of rh MMP-7 may facilitate the resorption process of herniated discs [9].
• The numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells attached to the surfaces of herniated discs were counted and the culture media was assayed for MMP-3 [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intervertebral Disk Displacement

• Better visualization of the nerve root sheaths should make metrizamide myelography more sensitive in detecting laterally herniated disks, such that epidural venography might be required less often [24].

References