Disease relevance of Erunit

• Growth, numbers of juveniles per cocoon and cellulase activity can be regarded as sensitive parameters to evaluate the toxicity of acetochlor on earthworms [1].
• Finally, microscopic nasal polypoid adenomas were induced in the rat when acetochlor was administered for two years at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) [2].
• First, although non-mutagenic in the Salmonella assay, acetochlor was clastogenic to mammalian cells treated in vitro [2].
• Atrial fibrillation is described in a champion pacer which earlier had been named Australian Harness Horse of the Year as a 3-year-old in 1986-87 [3].
• Isolation and characterization of a pseudomonas oleovorans degrading the chloroacetamide herbicide acetochlor [4].

High impact information on Erunit

• This study comprises gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis exposed to RDX and AOC, which are considered significant environmental contaminants, and demonstrates the importance of microscopy methods for phytoremediation investigations [5].
• In this work, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; ecotype Columbia) seedlings were exposed to 0.6 mm acetochlor (AOC), 2 mm metolachlor (MOC), 0.6 mm 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 0.3 mm hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) [5].
• In situ labeling with monochlorobimane, used as a competitive compound for conjugation reactions with GSH, confirmed that AOC and MOC are conjugated in Arabidopsis cells [5].
• Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC/ ESP/MS) for the trace analysis of oxanilic and sulfonic acids of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor [6].
• Recently, the preemergent herbicide acetochlor was shown to accelerate 3,5,3 -triiodothyronine (T3)-induced forelimb emergence and increase mRNA expression of thyroid hormone ss receptors in ranid tadpoles [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Erunit

• Ecological toxicity of acetochlor and excessive urea, in both their single and joint effects, on earthworm Esisenia foelide was thus studied using the soil-culture method [8].

Biological context of Erunit

• Thus, with 12 pesticides that mode of action judgments can be made, 11 disrupt thyroid-pituitary homeostasis only; no chemical is mutagenic only; and acetochlor may have both antithyroid and some mutagenic activity [9].
• Rats treated with 2000 mg/kg acetochlor had normal testicular and epididymal pathology and normal sperm numbers and sperm motility at the critical third sampling period [10].
• Daphnia fecundity declined with exposure to toxaphene, and daphnid growth rates were reduced by acetochlor exposure [11].
• Simple first-order kinetics (Model 1) adequately described acetochlor persistence in Hamilton clay loam soil (Humic Hapludull, Illuvial Spadic) at the high application rate, but overestimated it at the low application rate [12].
• The tumours were not life-threatening, they did not metastasize, and no DNA damage was induced in the nasal cells of rats maintained on a diet containing the MTD of acetochlor for either 1 or 18 weeks (comet assay) [2].

Anatomical context of Erunit

• Evaluation of the mutagenicity of acetochlor to male rat germ cells [10].
• Ova analysis of female rats mated with male rats exposed to 2000 mg/kg acetochlor revealed unfertilized ova at the critical third sampling time [10].
• Further, no reduction in the level of free sulphydryl groups (-SH) were observed in epididymal caput sperm heads isolated 0.5, 7 or 14 days after treatment of male rats with 2000 mg/kg acetochlor [10].
• The absence of genetic toxicity to the nasal epithelium of rats exposed acutely or subchronically to acetochlor favours a non-genotoxic mechanism for the induction of these adenomas [2].
• The prosthetic application relates to the construction of the Chailey Harness which was used to mount externally powered, upper limb prostheses to the torso of limb deficient children damaged by the drug Thalidomide [13].

Associations of Erunit with other chemical compounds

• Exposure to the herbicide acetochlor alters thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression and metamorphosis in Xenopus Laevis [7].
• Acetochlor and atrazine are two agricultural crop herbicides that have often been reported to contaminate waters [14].
• However, quantifiable residues of a soil degradation product, acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid, were more common, with approximately 16% of water samples containing concentrations at or above 1.0 microg L(-1) [15].
• After exposure of Bufo raddei tadpoles to acetochlor (ACETO) for 14 days, malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA-single strand break (DNA-SSB) in livers were analyzed [16].
• At 140 days after treatment only atrazine and chlorpyrifos were present; acetochlor and propisochlor were not detected in this soil layer [17].

Gene context of Erunit

• This change in TR ratios is recapitulated with 10nM acetochlor in R. catesbeiana tadpole brains during prometamorphosis, a period in which THs are endogenously produced [18].
• Interaction of acetochlor with estrogen receptor in the rat uterus. Acetochlor--possible endocrine modulator [19]?

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Erunit

• Leaching of acetochlor in soil was determined by a bioassay using a column technique and Setaria viridis as a test plant [20].
• Determination of acetochlor in technical and formulated products by capillary gas chromatography: PVM 5:1999 [21].
• Acetochlor concentration in the equilibrium solutions was determined by HPLC [20].
• BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Harness-supported treadmill ambulation has been advocated for patients to provide reduction in weight bearing to healing tissues and to reduce the energy cost of treadmill ambulation [22].

References