Disease relevance of chloromercury

• Historians have suggested that US president Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) experienced lead and mercury poisoning following his therapeutic use of calomel (mercurous chloride) and sugar of lead (lead acetate) [1].
• Escherichia coli K-12 (10(2) cells per cm3) was sterilized when a cell suspension was passed through the reactor at a dilution rate of 6.0 h-1, and a potential of 0.7 V versus a saturated calomel electrode was applied to an electrode [2].
• This research discusses reported cases of mercury poisoning related to the use of Chinese patent medicines and the potential toxicity of cinnabar (red mercuric sulfide) and calomel (mercurous chloride), 2 mercurials commonly used in these medicines [3].
• OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the incidence of chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, or bronchiectasis in men with obstructive azoospermia (Young's syndrome) has fallen in men born after 1955 when calomel (mercurous chloride) was removed from teething powders and worm medication in the United Kingdom [4].

High impact information on chloromercury

• Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of myoglobin in human urine using end-column amperometric detection with a carbon fiber microelectrode at a constant potential of 1.80 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCF) [5].
• Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of metronidazole using end-column amperometric detection with a gold microelectrode at a constant potential of -0.52V vs. saturated calomel electrode [6].
• The sensor is operated in an amperometric mode with Eapp = 150 mV versus a sodium saturated calomel electrode, and the response appears to be limited by the kinetics of the enzyme reaction [7].
• In situ scanning tunneling microscopy images of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy) on Au(111) recorded in neat 0.1 M H2SO4 solutions provided evidence for a potential-induced phase transition over the range 0.40-0.15 V versus saturated calomel electrode [8].
• The complexes were further characterized by cyclic voltammetry measurements, and all possess highly negative Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples ( approximately -1 V vs SCE, saturated calomel electrode) indicating that alkyl thiolate donors are effective at stabilizing Fe(III) centers [9].

Biological context of chloromercury

• The performance and factors influencing the performance of the resulting immunosensor were studied. alpha-1-Fetoprotein antigen was directly determined by the change in current or potential before and after the antigen-antibody reaction versus saturated calomel electrode [10].

Anatomical context of chloromercury

• 1. A method for determining free Ca2+-ions in the erythrocyte is described, using a commercially available ORION-Ca-electrode and calomel reference electrode assembly, where changes in free Ca2+-ion concentration upon addition of 0.01% digitonin could be measured [11].
• Studies have been performed on changes in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in spinal cord following a toxic action of calomel [12].
• Calomel electrodes measured DC potentials simultaneously in the lateral and medial portions of the caudate nucleus (CN) of 11 anesthetized cats after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery [13].
• In male mice (9-13 wk), a tracheostomy was made under pentobarbital anesthesia for spontaneous breathing and tracheal potential was measured in the cephalad portion of the bisected trachea using Hanks' salt/agar-capped KCl bridges connected to a pair of calomel half cells [14].

Associations of chloromercury with other chemical compounds

• Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of diclofenac sodium using an end-column amperometric detection with a carbon fiber microelectrode, at a constant potential of 0.83 V vs. saturated calomel electrode [15].
• Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of cysteine using an end-column amperometric detection with a gold/mercury amalgam microelectrode, at a constant potential of 0.02-0.06 V vs. saturated calomel electrode [16].
• 2. The residue of the ethyl acetate extract is dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH and analyzed by differential pulse polarography for the reduction of the nitro group at approximately -0.600 v versus the saturated calomel electrode [17].
• This paper reports the construction and characterization of an enzyme electrode capable of detecting histamine and methylamine at +200 mV versus a saturated calomel reference electrode [18].
• Indicine-N-oxide is eluted from the silica gel column with 25% aqueous methanol and quantitated by differential pulse polarography by measurement of the peak current at -0.72 +/- 0.03 v (versus the saturated calomel electrode) [19].

Gene context of chloromercury

• The optimum conditions of separation and detection are 3.6 x 10(-3) mol/l Na(2)HPO(4)-1.4 x 10(-3) mol/l NaH(2)PO (pH 7.2) for the buffer solution, 18 kV for the separation voltage and 1.60 V versus the saturated calomel electrode for the detection potential [20].
• Calomel, quinine and laudanum. Army medicine in the Seminole Wars [21].
• As a result of the studies, both in an acute and subacute calomel intoxication, an increase in TTP-ase and NsE activity in spinal cord as well as a decrease in ATP-ase, AChE and AcP activity were found [12].
• Oxidation potentials of the phenolates range between 0.1 and 0.2 V versus a saturated calomel electrode, which correspond to species that are very easy to oxidize and lead to the rapid formation of nonradical species, underlining the potential antioxidant properties of these molecules [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of chloromercury

• Thus, we have demonstrated under controlled experimental conditions, that electrophysiological recording with calomel electrodes can be performed simultaneously with diffusion-weighted NMR imaging [23].
• Here we present a method that uses specially prepared calomel electrodes for the continuous monitoring of both cortical steady potential and EEG during in vivo NMR imaging studies of experimental animal models [23].
• The DC electroretinogram (ERG) and the standing potential of the eye (SP) were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable calomel electrodes, and under very constant anesthesia [24].
• The course of the titration is followed potentiometrically with a glass and calomel electrode coupled and recorded automatically with a suitable registration potentiometer [25].
• The DC electroretinogram (ERG) and the standing potential of the eye (SP) were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable calomel electrodes, and under very constant general anesthesia [26].

References