Disease relevance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• RESULTS: Eight women with LAM (3 with and 5 without a diagnosis of TSC) had lesions on MRI scans compatible with meningiomas [1].
• We also looked at manganese concentrations and MRI scans in six children who had received PN for more than 2 years without developing liver disease [2].
• Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in normal volunteers, we studied the gabapentin-induced modulation of brain activity in response to nociceptive mechanical stimulation of normal skin and capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia [3].
• It is now well established that clinically stable patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have ongoing disease activity when evaluated by serial gadolinium-enhanced (Gd-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans [4].
• Positron emission tomography (PET) of brain glucose utilization is highly sensitive in detecting focal cortical abnormalities in patients with infantile spasms even when the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are normal [5].

Psychiatry related information on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Furthermore, AD patients with two ApoE epsilon 4 alleles have more-severe loss in hippocampal volume in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and more impairment in tests assessing delayed memory, than AD patients without the epsilon 4 allele, in spite of similar global severity of dementia [6].
• In this study, we have preformed simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) along with BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) and ASL (arterial spin labeling)-based fMRI during an event-related motor activity in human subjects in order to compare the temporal dynamics of the hemodynamic responses recorded in each method [7].
• Individual differences in error processing: a review and reanalysis of three event-related fMRI studies using the GO/NOGO task [8].
• RESULTS: In the Combat versus General Negative comparison, the non-PTSD group exhibited significant fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent signal increases in rostral anterior cingulate cortex, but the PTSD group did not [9].
• High-resolution in vivo mapping of the rat olfactory bulb with fMRI at high magnetic field promises to provide novel data for understanding olfaction [10].

High impact information on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• The location of the selected spectral region was determined by conventional proton NMR imaging immediately before examination by phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy [11].
• Here we used fMRI to measure neural activity in the human LGN while subjects viewed contrast-modulated gratings presented dichoptically [12].
• Language fMRI abnormalities associated with FOXP2 gene mutation [13].
• Here we demonstrate object-selective fMRI responses (higher responses for intact than for scrambled images of objects) in MT/MST, and especially in a ventral subregion of MT/MST, suggesting that human brain regions involved mainly in the processing of visual motion are also engaged in the analysis of object shape [14].
• Neural correlates of prickle sensation: a percept-related fMRI study [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Event-related functional MRI (fMRI) was used to study blood oxygen level dependent cortical signal changes associated with volitional limb movements off and on levodopa in Parkinson's disease [16].
• In those seven subjects with palsies and in 18 normal orbits, coronal MRI scans corrected to standardized head position were analyzed digitally to determine muscle paths in primary gaze [17].
• Monitoring the signal levels of lactate (Lac) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) by chemical shift imaging can provide additional knowledge about tissue damage in acute stroke [18].
• 1H chemical shift imaging reveals loss of brain tumor choline signal after administration of Gd-contrast [19].
• Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal intensity (SI) and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during a 20-s apnea stimulus in awake humans and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were measured to assess the usefulness of apnea in estimating cerebral vasodilatory capacity for functional MRI (fMRI) experiments [20].

Biological context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Amphetamine enhanced the efficiency of prefrontal cortex function assayed with functional MRI during a working memory task in subjects with the high enzyme activity val/val genotype, who presumably have relatively less prefrontal synaptic dopamine, at all levels of task difficulty [21].
• Quantitative measurement of regional blood flow with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate bolus track NMR imaging in cerebral infarcts in rats: validation with the iodo[14C]antipyrine technique [22].
• We study fMRI data obtained from event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm [23].
• Overall, studies of synthetic and empirical data suggest that PLS analysis, using PCA decomposition, provides a stable and powerful tool for exploration of fMRI/behavior data [24].
• Subjects' heart rates increased modestly after methylphenidate administration, but no changes in finger tapping performance or functional MRI signals were observed [25].

Anatomical context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether lorazepam dose-dependently attenuates blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) activation in the amygdala and associated limbic structures during an emotion face assessment task [26].
• We have applied functional MRI (fMRI) based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) image-contrast to map odor-elicited olfactory responses at the laminar level in the rat olfactory bulb (OB) elicited by iso-amyl acetate (10(-2) dilution of saturated vapor) with spatial and temporal resolutions of 220x220x1,000 micro(m) and 36 s [27].
• Episodic memory in left temporal lobe epilepsy: a functional MRI study [28].
• A comparison of fMRI signals between trials in which participants successfully identified both vowels as opposed to when only one of the two vowels was recognized revealed enhanced activity in left thalamus, Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and the planum temporale [29].
• The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of paroxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: SSRI) on motor cortex excitability in healthy subjects by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral motor tests [30].

Associations of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with chemical compounds

• Using fMRI, we scanned human subjects who were presented with visual cues that signaled subsequent reinforcement with a pleasant sweet taste (1 M glucose), a moderately unpleasant salt taste (0.2 M saline), or a neutral taste [31].
• Subjects who underwent repeat studies showed good replication of the regional fMRI activation pattern following cocaine and saline infusions, with activations on saline retest that might reflect expectancy [32].
• In this issue of Neuron, McClure et al. and O'Doherty et al. use event-related fMRI to provide some of the strongest evidence to date that the reward prediction error model of dopamine system activity applies equally well to human reward learning [33].
• Intravenous chelated gadolinium as a contrast agent in NMR imaging of cerebral tumours [34].
• PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: Treatment-seeking methamphetamine-dependent males (N = 46) underwent fMRI 3 to 4 weeks after cessation of drug use [35].

Gene context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Besides the common Oatp substrates bromosulphophthalein, taurocholate, oestrone 3-sulphate and ouabain, the new mouse Oatp also mediates transport of the Oatp1-specific magnetic-resonance-imaging agent gadoxetate [36].
• CONCLUSIONS: MRI scans of the dominant wrist are useful in predicting MRI and radiological erosions in early RA and may indicate the patients that should be managed aggressively [37].
• We analyzed brain MRI scans of 31 children with definite diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 according to the NIH criteria [38].
• Functional MRI revealed differences between children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls in their frontal-striatal function and its modulation by methylphenidate during response inhibition [39].
• MRI scans showed pontine and cerebellar atrophy in SCA1 and SCA2 [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Thirty-seven stereotyped interictal epileptiform discharges (spikes) were identified on EEG recorded continuously during the fMRI acquisition on a patient with epilepsy [41].
• With the advent of non-invasive imaging techniques such as MEG (magnetoencephalogram) and functional MRI, topographical reorganization can also be demonstrated in humans, so that it is now possible to track perceptual changes and changes in cortical topography in individual patients [42].
• Results obtained by fMRI are closely correlated with invasive procedures such as electrical stimulation mapping or the intracarotid amobarbital test [43].
• Partial least squares (PLS) analysis has been used to characterize distributed signals measured by neuroimaging methods like positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event-related potentials (ERP) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) [44].
• Simultaneous glutamate and perfusion fMRI responses to regional brain stimulation [45].

References