Disease relevance of GO 560

• A diagnosis of neurocysticercosis should be considered in patients with seizures and radiologic evidence of cystic brain lesions, even in those who do not eat pork and who have not traveled to a country in which T. solium infection is endemic [1].
• Recent emigrants from countries in which T. solium infection is endemic should be screened for tapeworm infection in their stools before they are employed as housekeepers or food handlers [1].
• Cysticercosis was diagnosed in 12 US citizens who had no history of travel to countries considered traditionally endemic for Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis [2].
• Here, Akira Ito and Mamoru Ito review recent results demonstrating the potential of the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse for supporting development of the larval stages of Taenia saginata asiatica, T. saginata and T. solium [3].
• In the present study a detailed histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the immune response was performed on eight craniotomy specimens where a granuloma surrounded each T. solium metacestode [4].

Psychiatry related information on GO 560

• These are: (1) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsonism, and dementia syndromes in a small population of Auyu and Jakai peoples in the Lowlands, and (2) an epidemic of burns from cysticercosis epilepsy from newly introduced Taenia solium in pigs in the Ekari people of the Wissel Lakes in the Highlands [5].

High impact information on GO 560

• Evagination of Taenia solium in the fourth ventricle [6].
• We obtained serum and/or CSF samples from 204 consecutive patients admitted to a neurological ward in Lima, Peru, and looked for antibodies specific for T solium with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay [7].
• Neurocysticercosis, caused by infection with larval Taenia solium, is a major cause of epilepsy worldwide [8].
• Cysticercosis is caused by the establishment of Taenia solium larvae (cysticerci), mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle of humans and pigs, after ingestion of eggs shed in human faeces by the adult tapeworm (see centrepage diagram) [9].
• The adult worms parasitize the small intestine, while immature stages (metacestodes or cysticerci) develop mainly in cattle in the case of T. saginata or pigs in the case of T. solium [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of GO 560

• An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium) [11].
• We describe the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding 2 facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (TGTP1 and TGTP2) from Taenia solium, the causal agent of human and porcine cysticercosis [12].
• Experimental induction of cysticercosis was achieved in young pigs by feeding an optimum dose of 20,000 T. solium (Indian strain) eggs after immunosuppression, to assess the effect of albendazole and development of the immune response to cysticercus antigens before and after treatment [13].
• Mebendazole in the treatment of taeniasis solium and taeniasis saginata [14].
• Apoptosis of lymphocytes in the inflammatory reaction around Taenia solium metacestodes, might have been induced by the parasite cysteine protease, and may be involved in impairing cell-mediated immune responses in human and porcine cysticercosis [15].

Biological context of GO 560

• On the basis of mitochondrial DNA analysis, T. solium is divided into 2 (African/American and Asian) genotypes [16].
• A plasmid vector carrying the immunoprotective amino-terminal fragment of Taenia solium paramyosin (VW2-1) was designed for genetic vaccination studies [17].
• Human cysticercosis, an infection caused by larvae of Taenia solium, is a major public health problem in many developing countries [18].
• T. solium-specific DNA sequences contained complete and truncated forms of a tandemly repeated 158-bp DNA sequence [19].
• PURPOSE: A prospective series of 643 persons with epilepsy attending a reference neurologic center in Medellín, Colombia, was examined by computed tomography (CT scan) or serology or both with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) to assess the prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis [20].

Anatomical context of GO 560

• Glycoproteins (GPs) in cyst fluid purified from the 2 genotypes of T. solium were characterized and compared with the recombinant chimeric T. solium-Ag1V1/Ag2 protein (Rec-Ag1V1/Ag2) as serodiagnostic antigens [16].
• Antigens were detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurocysticercosis (NC) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal sera of rabbit anti-Taenia solium cysticerci (anti-Tso) and anti- Taenia crassiceps cysticerci vesicular fluid (anti-Tcra or anti-Tcra <30 kDa) [21].
• Pigs infected with Taenia solium cysticerci showed an increased lymphocyte proliferation for 6-8 weeks post infection, followed by an impaired proliferation after this period [22].
• Identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes of Taenia solium paramyosin [23].
• Taenia solium: mitogenic effect of larval extracts on murine B lymphocytes [24].

Associations of GO 560 with other chemical compounds

• A Taenia solium-specific glycoprotein-based electroimmunotransfer blot (EITB) assay was reported to be highly sensitive and specific for this purpose [25].
• The characteristic thymine-base peak profiles provide four distinct types, unique for T. saginata, T. asiatica, and two genotypes of T. solium [26].
• Purification and characterization of a metacestode cysteine proteinase from Taenia solium involved in the breakdown of human IgG [27].
• Molecular and functional characterization and tissue localization of 2 glucose transporter homologues (TGTP1 and TGTP2) from the tapeworm Taenia solium [12].
• The entire family agreed to undergo chemotherapy with niclosamide, but only the child passing taeniid eggs eliminated T. solium [28].

Gene context of GO 560

• In the related species of T. solium and T. saginata, the deduced amino acid sequences of ATP6 were homogeneous; however, the conversion of initiation codon AUG into GUG was observed in T. saginata [29].
• Genetic polymorphism was determined among 13 isolates of Taenia solium from various regions using PCR-amplified sequences of 2 mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b [30].
• The sequences of the cox1 genes between T. asiatica and T. saginata differ by 4.6%, while the T. asiatica cob gene differs by 4.1% and 12.9% from the cob genes of T. saginata and T. solium, respectively [31].
• RT-PCR amplification of the parasite's total RNA, showed that T. crassiceps expressed both AP-1 complex genes, while T. solium only expressed c-fos [32].
• Homologues of c-fos and c-jun from total DNA of Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium were cloned and sequenced [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GO 560

• Cases and control subjects were assessed serologically for antibodies against T. canis by ELISA and against T. solium by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) [33].
• Clinical normalization was paralleled by a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the amount of intrathecally produced anti-T solium IgG 1 year after treatment [34].
• OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with Taenia solium and Toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia [33].
• This is the highest level of protection that has been achieved against T. solium infection in pigs by vaccination with a defined antigen [35].
• Immunofluorescence studies revealed that anti-GK1 antibodies strongly react with the native protein in the tegument of T. crassiceps and also with anatomical structures of T. solium eggs, oncospheres, cysticercus, and tapeworm [36].

References