Disease relevance of Craniotomy

• A retrospective evaluation of the quality and length of survival of 74 patients nonrandomly receiving lomustine, 100 to 110 mg/sq m, following craniotomy and irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme was performed [1].
• Epilepsy after craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm [2].
• In the present study a detailed histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the immune response was performed on eight craniotomy specimens where a granuloma surrounded each T. solium metacestode [3].
• METHODS: In 60 patients scheduled to undergo craniotomy and removal of supratentorial brain tumors with no evidence of midline shift, anesthesia was induced with intravenous fentanyl, thiopental, and vecuronium and was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen [4].
• Using a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study design, alfentanil (n = 15), fentanyl (n = 14), or sufentanil (n = 16), in combination with N2O, were administered to patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumor resection [5].

Psychiatry related information on Craniotomy

• To study acetylcholine synthesis, we measured the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose into the transmitter in temporal-cortex specimens obtained at diagnostic craniotomy in 17 young patients with Alzheimer's disease [6].

High impact information on Craniotomy

• In a double-blind trial of phenytoin for the prevention of postoperative epilepsy in craniotomy patients, epilepsy was observed in 7.9% (8/101) of patients treated with phenytoin and in 16.7% (17/102) of those receiving placebo [7].
• A craniotomy was performed over the dorsal brain stem in anesthetized rats, and blood vessels to the area postrema were visualized with fluorescein microscopy [8].
• This "time of aggregation" is prolonged by pentobarbital as opposed to urethane anesthesia, and also is related to time elapsed after craniotomy [9].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: For our first phase of the clinical trial, patients were scheduled to undergo craniotomy for AGT determination after receiving a 1-hour O6-BG infusion at 120 mg/m2 followed by a continuous infusion at an initial dose of 30 mg/m2/d for 48 hours [10].
• In 20 patients undergoing craniotomy tissue specimens were immediately frozen after removal and tissue leukotriene C4 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Craniotomy

• The effect of isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) was determined in 20 patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial supratentorial neoplasm or hepatoma [12].
• Phenytoin for provoked seizures after craniotomy or traumatic brain injury (craniotomy: RR, 0.42; CI, 0.25-0.71; TBI: RR, 0.33; CI, 0.19-0.59) [13].
• A 24-year-old woman, after resection of a right temporoparietal glioma, developed CSF leak from the craniotomy site, resulting in subgaleal fluid collection and associated with diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement as well as posture-related headaches [14].
• In order to determine whether a small, "defasciculating" dose of metocurine could prevent increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) induced by succinylcholine (Sch), the authors studied 12 patients (ages 25-79 yr) undergoing craniotomy for excision of malignant supratentorial gliomas [15].
• Mild core hypothermia and anesthetic requirement for loss of responsiveness during propofol anesthesia for craniotomy [16].

Biological context of Craniotomy

• After anesthetizing animals by intramuscular and intravenous injection of methohexital and inhalation of 70% nitrous oxide, intravenous and intraarterial catheters were inserted and a tracheostomy and craniotomy performed [17].
• Each patient received an intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 150 to 200 mg/sq m, at the time of craniotomy to label cells in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis; the percentage of S-phase cells, or BUdR labeling index (LI), of each tumor was determined immunohistochemically [18].
• The effect of ketanserin upon postoperative blood pressure, cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients subjected to craniotomy for cerebral tumours [19].
• After 6, 12, 20, 52, and 104 weeks, cross-sectional histology, histomorphometry, and oxytetracycline chloride fluorescence studies were done to compare the healing process of the craniotomy lines and to study the biocompatibility and the degradation process of the SR-PLLA plate [20].
• Fourteen of 80 patients (17.5 per cent) who underwent elective craniotomy preceded by a strict pre-operative routine of skin decontamination contracted postoperative wound infection [21].

Anatomical context of Craniotomy

• We investigated the presence of nuclear estrogen and nuclear progesterone receptors by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, and radioligand binding in osteoblast cell cultures derived from the areas of overgrowth of membranous bone, noninvolved membranous bone, and normal membranous bone from children undergoing elective craniotomy [22].
• METHODS: Food-deprived male Sprague-Dawley (n = 14) and Wistar (n = 10) rats anesthetized with halothane/nitrous oxide underwent a small craniotomy to expose the right distal middle cerebral artery just above the rhinal fissure [23].
• A craniotomy was performed in rats, under isoflurane anesthesia, to expose the cerebral cortex [24].
• Autologous bone marrow cells (BMC), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and natural coral exoskeleton (CC) were used to enhance the repair of large skull bone defects in a craniotomy model [25].
• All patients underwent suboccipital craniotomy with upper cervical (C-1 and part of C-2) laminectomy, arachnoid retraction, and duraplasty [26].

Associations of Craniotomy with chemical compounds

• Postoperative epilepsy: a double-blind trial of phenytoin after craniotomy [7].
• The effect of local application of a known RAGE protein ligand, N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-mouse serum albumin (MSA), on craniotomy defect healing in normal animals was then assessed and compared to the effects of control MSA [27].
• The patient improved after suboccipital craniotomy, C1 to C6 laminectomy, and removal of the thickened dura [28].
• In patients at high surgical risk, however, temporarily or permanently blocking afferent impulses with radiofrequency ablation, glycerol rhizotomy, or alcohol blocks was a good alternative to craniotomy [29].
• BACKGROUND: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine whether indomethacin and propofol induce cerebral ischemic damage in patients undergoing craniotomy for cerebral tumors [30].

Gene context of Craniotomy

• In this study the influence of elective craniotomy on IL-6 plasma levels was evaluated [31].
• Increase of interleukin-6 plasma levels after elective craniotomy: influence of interleukin-10 and catecholamines [31].
• METHODS: Histological sections of tumour biopsies obtained from patients undergoing craniotomies were stained for PCNA expression [32].
• TG-pl-BMP-2 in fibrin was evaluated in vivo in critical-size craniotomy defects in rats, where it induced 76% more defect healing with bone at 3 weeks with a dose of 1 mug/defect than wildtype BMP-2 in fibrin [33].
• However, in patients with high p53 and Ki67 immunoreactivity and in whom the dura was not closed at the time of craniotomy, the possibility of early extradural failure should be considered [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Craniotomy

• Extracellular microelectrode recordings were obtained from lateral temporal cortex that was subsequently resected in patients undergoing craniotomies under local anaesthesia for treatment of medically intractable epilepsy [35].
• Because the lower concentration of bupivacaine produces lower blood levels, we recommend 0.125% bupivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine as a useful, safe adjunct to general anesthesia in children undergoing craniotomy [36].
• We conclude that codeine 60 mg i.m. provided better postoperative analgesia than tramadol after craniotomy and that tramadol 75 mg should be avoided because of its side effects of increased sedation and nausea and vomiting [37].
• Clonidine premedication decreases hemodynamic responses to pin head-holder application during craniotomy [38].
• Neuroleptanalgesia using alfentanil for awake craniotomy [39].

References