Disease relevance of Developing Countries

• Taenia solium cysticercosis is a frequent cause of neurological disease in developing countries [1].
• BACKGROUND: Many developing countries have not implemented the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076 zidovudine regimen for prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission because of its complexity and cost [2].
• BACKGROUND: Simple and affordable intervention strategies are needed to reduce the rate of HIV transmission from mother to infant in developing countries [3].
• A high prevalence of metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori is reported in developing countries [4].
• RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: A high incidence of lymphoma primarily in the gastro-intestinal tract in Third World countries has stimulated enormous epidemiologic and pathogenetic interests globally [5].

Psychiatry related information on Developing Countries

• This may be partly due to the fact that practitioners in the less developed countries have to deal with the more pressing problems of malnutrition, infections, chronic motor handicaps, mental retardation and epilepsy [6].

High impact information on Developing Countries

• Vitamin A supplements should be given to all measles patients in developing countries whether or not they have symptoms of vitamin A deficiency [7].
• Inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon in developing countries where helminths are frequent [8].
• INTERPRETATION: For children with severe pneumonia in less-developed countries the probability of a good outcome is similar if treated with chloramphenicol or with the combination of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin [9].
• INTERPRETATION: Homozygotes for MBL codon variants, who represent about 5% of north Europeans and north Americans and larger proportions of populations in many developing countries, could be at substantially increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease [10].
• Epilepsy in less-developed countries and at home [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Developing Countries

• Miconazole was more effective than nystatin in treating esophageal candidiasis and could be a valid alternative to more expensive azolic drugs in developing countries [12].
• Lead pollution is a substantial problem in developing countries such as India. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has defined an elevated blood lead level in children as > or = 10 microg/dl, on the basis of neurologic toxicity [13].
• Dental caries in developing countries in relation to the appropriate use of fluoride [14].
• Lansoprazole and secnidazole with clarithromycin, amoxycillin or pefloxacin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country [15].
• The latex agglutination assay is a simple, rapid assay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus that would be useful in Third World countries or other areas where enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are not available or cannot be used [16].

Biological context of Developing Countries

• BACKGROUND: Co-trimoxazole is widely used in treatment of paediatric pneumonia in developing countries, but drug resistance may decrease its effectiveness [17].
• Women in developing countries whose habitual intakes are near basal needs should receive an additional 100 micrograms retinol equivalents (RE) during pregnancy and 300 micrograms RE during lactation [18].
• BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the antioxidant profile and its relation to lipid peroxidation in tuberculosis patients with or without accompanying HIV infection is scarce, particularly in developing countries [19].
• Recent studies of the epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries: a coordinated program for prevention and control [20].
• To determine the impact of coadministered vitamin A on the antibody response to measles vaccine given to infants aged 9 mo, the more common age for immunization in developing countries, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an urban slum community in Delhi [21].

Anatomical context of Developing Countries

• Concentrations of DDTs in human breast milk from Cambodia were notably higher than those from developed countries and comparable to those from other developing countries, where usage of DDT for agricultural and public health purposes has been suspected to be continuing still, implying the recent usage of DDT in Cambodia [22].
• In this report the possibilities for the application of PVP-iodine-preparations in the developing countries in the treatment of wounds, including burns and in diseases of the mucous membrane, eyes, mouth and genital region are discussed [23].
• Leukocyte esterase urine strips for the screening of men with urethritis--use in developing countries [24].
• Thirdly, we conclude that in developing countries where BCG fails this is not because there is too little Th1 response, but rather because the Th1 response is rendered ineffective and immunopathological by other subversive mechanisms, including IL-4 responses and inappropriate regulatory T cell function [25].

Associations of Developing Countries with chemical compounds

• Combined marginal deficiencies of iron, vitamin C, and B-group vitamins are widespread in developing countries [26].
• In industrialised nations HIV-seropositive individuals can be offered skin testing for tuberculosis (TB) and isoniazid prophylaxis, but this approach is neither practicable nor affordable in most developing countries [27].
• INTERPRETATION: This evidence supports the acceptability of phenobarbital as a first-line drug for childhood epilepsy in rural settings in developing countries [28].
• Access to fluconazole in less-developed countries [29].
• Telling doctors in a developing country about phenylbutazone [30].

Gene context of Developing Countries

• The association of APOE allele frequencies with AD remains unknown in developing countries [31].
• This review aims to contribute to disentangle this issue assessing clinical and research data on ADHD in a complete diverse culture from a developing country [32].
• The PCR-UHG-Rif assay, which detects mutations within the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance, was evaluated for its ability and reliability to detect and identify drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a developing country where tuberculosis is highly endemic [33].
• Anti-reticulin antibodies: useful adjunct to histopathology in diagnosing celiac disease, especially in a developing country [34].
• BACKGROUND: In a developing country, many conditions other then celiac disease (CD) can give rise to villous atrophy [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Developing Countries

• Deferiprone (L1 or 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one) is the world's first and only orally active iron chelating drug, which is effective and inexpensive to synthesise thus increasing the prospects of making it available to most thalassaemia patients in third world countries who are not currently receiving any form of chelation therapy [36].
• We assume that NC is the main cause of symptomatic epilepsy in developing countries; however, no case-control or cohort studies demonstrate this association [37].
• Use of alternative medicine by patients with epilepsy: a survey of 265 epileptic patients in a developing country [38].
• To develop an effective program for management of epithelial herpes in developing countries, treatment with idoxuridine was compared with debridement and patching [39].
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases in developing countries: current status and future prospectives [40].

References