Disease relevance of Amido black

• Cytotoxicity was assessed by neutral red uptake and amido black staining tests; genotoxicity was assayed using the Ames test, Sister Chromatides Exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations [1].
• A traditional electrophoretic procedure for detection of Bence-Jones proteinuria, employing Amido black stain on 200-fold concentrated urine, has been compared to two procedures employing highly sensitive protein stains not requiring prior urine concentration [2].
• A PF patient's serum covalently coupled to a Staphylococcus aureus protein A column was incubated with the Con-A eluted products and the immuno-isolated antigen was separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a membrane, and visualized with Coomassie blue, silver and amido black stains [3].

High impact information on Amido black

• Peptide mapping and staining with amido black confirmed the identity of the 20,000 MW protein of mammalian NF fractions as MBP [4].
• The attached nucleic acid was detected with silver staining, ethidium bromide, and Amido Black binding [5].
• Second, the TSM is used to produce improved images of cellular structures in 3T3 cells stained with various protein dyes including Napthol Blue Black (NBB) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) [6].
• The technique was demonstrated with reversed-phase C18 plates using a three-dye mixture composed of methylene blue, crystal violet, and rhodamine 6G for positive ion mode detection and a separate dye mixture containing fluorescein, naphthol blue black, and fast green FCF for negative ion mode detection [7].
• Micropreparative gels were electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and spots were visualized by amido black staining [8].

Biological context of Amido black

• The 80-kD band detected by amido black staining and autoradiography was excised and characterized by amino acid sequence analysis [9].
• Proteins with cell-adhesion properties were identified by incubating the strips with cells and staining with Amido Black. In addition to binding to fibronectin, both bone cells and fibroblast-like cells adhered to proteins of Mr approximately 30 000 and approximately 14 000-17 000 [10].
• METHODS: HAC in vitro were incubated with and without histamine in 96 well culture plates and the extent of cell proliferation was determined using the naphthol blue-black method [11].
• Spectrophotometric quantitation of anchorage-dependent cell numbers using extraction of naphthol blue-black-stained cellular protein [12].
• Neutral red uptake and amido black staining of cells have been used for cell viability and cell number measurement, respectively: they have been found to be well correlated with the number of surviving cells [13].

Anatomical context of Amido black

• A duplicate strip was stained with amido black or anti-myelin antibody to visualize the myelin proteins [14].
• The amido black assay: a simple and quantitative multipurpose test of adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in microplate cultures of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and other cell types growing adherently or in suspension [15].
• Staining of purified calf thymus histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 by this method is 30 times more sensitive than staining with amido black alone, allowing the detection of each histone and its modified forms down to the nanogram level [16].
• Purified cell membrane preparations were run on gels and various protease activities were detected by amido black [17].
• Sera from visceral yolk sac blood vessels, exocoelomic cavity fluid, and amniotic sac fluid were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Amido Black staining and fluorography [18].

Associations of Amido black with other chemical compounds

• All T. vaginalis isolates showed similar banding patterns by Coomassie brilliant blue and silver staining of the electrophoresis gels and by amido black staining of the nitrocellulose [19].
• The proteins, which ranged in apparent molecular mass from approximately 31,000 to approximately 92,000 Da, were located by naphthol blue black staining, eluted from nitrocellulose membranes using 88% formic acid, and precipitated by the addition of concentrated ammonium hydroxide [20].
• Binding of heparin to the proteins is detected by radioautography and quantitated by scanning densitometry; proteins are quantitated by densitometric analysis of the amido black stained nitrocellulose [21].
• These studies revealed that lowered ratios of the proteolipid to each of the basic proteins was obtained if the myelin was delipidated with ehter-ethanol mixtures followed by staining with either Fast green or naphthol blue black (amido black) [22].
• Myoepithelial cells of sweat, lacrimal, salivary, bronchial, and mammary glands are blue-green with amido black or pink with phloxine B [23].

Gene context of Amido black

• This method was compared with Amido Black post-electrophoresis staining in 35 sera [24].
• The Gl proteins of several subjects were typed by two polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) systems: acid-lactate PAGE followed by staining with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE followed by electrophoretic transfer and staining with amido black or concanavalin A [25].
• In addition, selective staining of indicator erythrocyte hemoglobin with Amido Black resulted in high contrast with the tissue constituents [26].
• However, the growth rates of cells grown in high concentrations of FBS as determined using naphthol blue-black were substantially lower than results from image analysis [27].
• Amido black 10 B-stained bovine serum albumin (BSA) in density gradient centrifugation [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Amido black

• Protein content of a wide variety of sample types may be determined by adsorption of microliter samples onto nitrocellulose, followed by amido black staining and laser densitometry [29].
• The adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen to the surfaces was assessed using the Amido Black assay, whereas platelet attachment was studied by scanning electron microscopy and quantified using stereological techniques [30].
• Castration for 14 days produced a sharp decrease in the colour intensity of bands B-E when stained with Amido black [31].
• Here we have modified this 'blot and culture' technique by including Mr standard proteins in the same electrophoretic lane with the samples, identifying the proteins by staining the nitrocellulose blot with Amido black, marking the standard bands with pinholes and destaining the blot prior to seeding neurons onto it [32].
• Almost all proteins stained by amido black were also revealed by Western blotting with antibodies to T. nattereri venom [33].

References