Disease relevance of Nervonic acid

• These cell lines stably expressing AOX formed colonies in soft agar in proportion to the duration (1-7 weeks) of exposure to a fatty acid substrate (100 microM linoleic acid, erucic acid or nervonic acid) and these transformants developed into fibrosarcomas when injected in athymic nude mice [1].
• Three-dimensional structural model analysis of the binding site of an inhibitor, nervonic acid, of both DNA polymerase beta and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase [2].
• An impairment in the provision of nervonic acid in demyelinating diseases is indicated, suggesting that dietary therapy with oils rich in very long chain monenoic acid fatty acids may be beneficial in such conditions [3].
• In the MVM from IUGR, mead acid (20:3), behenic acid (22:0) and nervonic acid (24:1) constituted higher percentages of the total when compared to normally grown controls [4].

High impact information on Nervonic acid

• Studies with purified subcellular organelles from rat liver indicate that nervonic acid (C24:1) is beta-oxidized preferentially in peroxisomes [5].
• Similar to lignoceric acid, the activation and beta-oxidation of nervonic acid was deficient in peroxisomes isolated from X-ALD fibroblasts [5].
• Localization of nervonic acid beta-oxidation in human and rodent peroxisomes: impaired oxidation in Zellweger syndrome and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy [5].
• When chick astrocytes were incubated in the presence of 10 microM nervonic acid for 7 days, no significant change was observed in the fatty acid composition of gangliosides [6].
• In comparison to adipose tissue myristic, palmitic and nervonic acid were decreased and eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid were increased in arterial wall [7].

Anatomical context of Nervonic acid

• Nervonic acid in red blood cell sphingomyelin in premature infants: an index of myelin maturation [8]?
• We further consider that the dietary effects may be elicited mainly in the sphingomyelin of nonmyelinated brain cells, and that the nervonic acid in myelin sphingomyelin may be formed mainly by chain elongation in oligodendrocytes from shorter chain fatty acid precursors [9].
• Docosahexaenoic acid and nervonic acid also showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in total PLs from colostrum and mature milk [10].
• Biosynthesis of nervonic acid by enzymatic elongation of erucyl-CoA has been studied in mouse brain microsomes [11].

Associations of Nervonic acid with other chemical compounds

• And their pol. beta interactions with a C24-long chain fatty acid, nervonic acid (NA), and a bile acid, lithocholic acid (LCA), were investigated by gel mobility shift assay and NMR spectroscopy [12].
• Interestingly, despite the lack of DGLA in SPH, this phospholipid exhibited a marked enrichment in nervonic acid (NA, 24:1n-9) from 16.2 to 24.7 mol% upon borage oil consumption [13].
• Concerning the composition of other fatty acids in the phospholipid isolated from red blood cell (RBC) membranes, oleic acid (18:1n-9) was significantly higher, whereas nervonic acid (24:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) were significantly lower in subjects with ADHD (P < 0.05) [14].
• Most differences concern the TFAP of adipose tissue compared to serum: lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, linolenic, lignoceric and nervonic acid were elevated in the former; palmitic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid were increased in the latter [15].
• Results from SMP (internal standardised meat products) based analyses showed that absolute concentrations of CNS are correlated (r2 = > 0.97) with the contents of the CNS typical fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (C 22:6), nervonic acid (C 24:1), lignoceric acid (C 24) and cerebronic acid (C 24oh) [16].

Gene context of Nervonic acid

• NA-binding to pol. beta could be stopped with a non-ionic detergent, but the binding to pol. alpha or HIV-RT could not [17].
• Increased levels of 26:0 are accompanied by decreased nervonic acid biosynthesis in skin fibroblasts from ALD patients [3].
• Among the C18 to C24 fatty acids examined, the strongest inhibitor was a C24 fatty acid, nervonic acid (NA), and the weakest was a C18 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA) [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nervonic acid

• Cerebroside sulfate (galactosylceramide I3-sulfate) containing alpha-hydroxy lignoceric acid (C24:0h-CBS), nervonic acid (C24:1-CBS), or hexacosanoic acid (C26:0-CBS) was prepared by a semi-synthetic procedure and studied by differential scanning calorimetry [18].

References