Disease relevance of Infant, Premature

• Furosemide promotes patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with the respiratory-distress syndrome [1].
• BACKGROUND: Early administration of high doses of dexamethasone may reduce the risk of chronic lung disease in premature infants but can cause complications [2].
• The administration of inositol to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who are receiving parenteral nutrition during the first week of life is associated with increased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and with a decreased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity [3].
• We performed sequential studies in 45 premature infants (birth weights less than 1500 g) from 7 to 120 days of age to determine factors governing the erythropoietin response to a declining hemoglobin concentration [4].
• One death was related to sepsis and two to sudden hemodynamic decompensation (a 2-kg premature infant after arch repair and VSD closure and a neonate with IAA-truncus arteriosus after arch repair and truncus repair with aortic root replacement) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Infant, Premature

• Comparison of the abdominal muscle response to CO2 rebreathing in rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep was performed in healthy premature infants near full term [6].
• Wernicke's encephalopathy documented by characteristic involvement of the mammillary bodies developed in a premature infant during parenteral nutrition [7].

High impact information on Infant, Premature

• Partial liquid ventilation with perflubron in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. The LiquiVent Study Group [8].
• Inositol supplementation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome [3].
• We conclude that furosemide increases the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with the respiratory-distress syndrome, probably through a prostaglandin-mediated process [1].
• We administered the inhibitors, aspirin or indomethacin to 18 premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus, and assessed the effects clinically and by echocardiography (left atrial/aortic-root ratio) [9].
• To characterize further the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in premature infants, its concentraion in blood was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography after intravenous infusion given to six apneic premature newborns three to 15 days of age [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Infant, Premature

• We report three cases of severe hypoxaemia after ibuprofen administration during a randomised controlled trial of prophylactic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in premature infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestation [11].
• In contrast, periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants has been linked to expression of AMPA/kainate receptors on immature oligodendrocytes [12].
• Even for comparable levels of maternal serum vitamin A, differences were found between income groups regarding birth weight and cord serum vitamin A. Mothers of premature infants had lower levels of serum vitamin A than those of full-term infants suggesting maternal vitamin A status to be one of the correlates of prematurity [13].
• We tested the hypothesis that an intramuscular relative dose response (IM-RDR) on day 1 of life would more accurately predict which premature infants would develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) than single measurements of retinol, retinyl palmitate (RP), or retinol binding protein (RBP) [14].
• OBJECTIVE: Doxapram, routinely used in premature infants treated for apnea of prematurity unresponsive to methylxanthines, has been related to cardiac conduction disorders [15].

Biological context of Infant, Premature

• Erythropoietin, given enterally, stimulates erythropoiesis in premature infants [16].
• Methylation of theophylline to caffeine in premature infants [17].
• Between 30 to 36 weeks there was a minimal effect of gestational age for levels of AT-III, PC, and factors II and X only; therefore, the entire data set was used to generate reference ranges for these components of the coagulation system for premature infants [18].
• Plasma protein binding studies, in samples from the premature infant using radiolabeled indomethacin, showed no difference in binding from values obtained with adult plasma (greater than 98%) [19].
• This study was designed to reevaluate the kinetics of vitamin A losses in the plastic intravenous infusion system used clinically in premature infants and to attempt to establish an improved method of delivery that would avoid significant and unpredictable losses [20].

Anatomical context of Infant, Premature

• Feeding premature infants inositol-rich breast milk increases their serum inositol concentrations [3].
• After the second dose, the mean level of cortisol in cord blood was 5.9 microg per 100 ml compared with 13.05 microg per 100 ml (p less than 0.001) in untreated premature infants [21].
• Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from serial specimens from nine healthy full-term infants and two premature infants at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mo of age [22].
• The functional NK capacity of premature infants and fetuses was augmented in vitro by IFN-alpha treatment [23].
• Red blood cell tocopherol concentrations in a normal population of Japanese children and premature infants in relation to the assessment of vitamin E status [24].

Associations of Infant, Premature with chemical compounds

• In the present study, a single oral or rectal dose of a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, was administered to six consecutive premature infants with the syndrome who would otherwise have undergone surgical ligation of the patent ductus [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of ventilator-dependent premature infants with dexamethasone at two weeks of age is more hazardous and no more beneficial than treatment at four weeks of ages [26].
• Phenylalanine was converted to tyrosine at substantial rates in both extremely premature and term infants; however, this conversion rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extremely premature infants during both the basal and parenteral nutrition periods [27].
• Thus, clinically stable, extremely premature infants suppress glucose production and increase glucose utilization in response to increased glucose infusion, demonstrating no inherent immaturity of these processes [28].
• The unbound glucocorticoid activity in treated infants delivered 1-10 h after the second dose (mean, 8.4 microg per 100 ml) is similar to the unbound cortisol level after birth in untreated premature infants who develop RDS [21].

Gene context of Infant, Premature

• Moreover, they suggest important potential roles for AQP4 in several clinical disorders involving rapid water transport such as glaucoma, brain edema, and swelling of premature infant lungs [29].
• IL-8 protein abundance was high in tracheal aspirates from ventilated premature infants (mean, 5806 +/- 4923 pg/mL) [30].
• Cord blood levels of BDNF may reflect the degree of neural maturity in premature infants [31].
• Excluding multiple pregnancies that often result in premature births, 23.8% (67 of 282) of premature infants and 24.2% (15 of 62) of the mothers of premature infants compared with 15.9% (55 of 345) of term infants and 15.0% (3 of 20) of the mothers delivering at term were carriers of the TLR4 variant [32].
• Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity during lipid infusion in premature infants [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Infant, Premature

• SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although the hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine are well described in adults, little is known of their consequences in neonates, and their impact on organ perfusion in premature infants is unclear [34].
• A series of reports in the 1960s highlighted nutritional copper deficiencies in infants and children recovering from malnutrition in Peru; since that time, a cascade of additional cases in premature infants, in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition, and in those receiving special diets or unmodified cow milk have been reported [35].
• Radiologic considerations of intensive care in the premature infant. Annual oration in honor of William Henry Neil, M.D., 1924-1972 [36].
• An obliquely oriented, paravertebral "tram-track" calcification in the right upper quadrant, particularly in a premature infant with a history of umbilical venous catheterization, should suggest the diagnosis of calcified ductus venosus [37].
• METHODS: Premature infants were assigned randomly in a balanced two-way design to early (gastrointestinal priming for 10 days) versus late initiation of feeding (total parenteral nutrition only) and continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus tube-feeding groups [38].

References