Disease relevance of Celotex

• The degradative pathway of cyanuric acid [1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione] was examined in Pseudomonas sp. strain D [1].
• Crude extracts from Escherichia coli expressing AtzD hydrolyzed cyanuric acid to biuret [2].
• Arthrobacter aurescens strain TC1 metabolizes atrazine to cyanuric acid via TrzN, AtzB, and AtzC [3].
• DNA encoding the catabolism of the s-triazines ammelide and cyanuric acid was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12228 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 99 with, as a probe, a 4.6-kb PstI fragment from a third strain, Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12227, which also encodes these activities [4].
• The enrichment culture was destabilized by loss of Nocardia sp. when grown on ethylamine, ethylammelide, and cyanuric acid, after which the consortium was no longer able to degrade atrazine [5].

High impact information on Celotex

• Spontaneous formation of complementary hydrogen-bond pairs and their hierarchical self-assembly (reconstitution) into chiral supramolecular membranes are achieved in water by mixing amphiphilic pairs of glutamate-derived melamine 6 and ammonium-derivatized azobenzene cyanuric acid 4 [6].
• Several structures of pi complexes of isocyanuric acid and of several thio derivatives with anions have been computed by using high level ab initio calculations [7].
• Inter alia, the resulting method is highly sensitive, almost free from interferences, and was easily applied to the determination of cyanuric acid in swimming pool water, surface water, human urine, and simulated air filter samples [8].
• Cyanuric acid trace analysis by extractive methylation via phase-transfer catalysis and capillary gas chromatography coupled with flame thermoionic and mass-selective detection. Process parameter studies and kinetics [8].
• The alkylation of cyanuric acid with 12 in the presence of base provided the N-alkylated materials 13, which were hydrogenated to provide 2a-c. In order to determine the affect of structural modifications on biological activity, various chain lengths of the side arms were utilized and the retroanalogue 3 was prepared [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Celotex

• When present in DNA, cyanuric acid (Ca) is readily bypassed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerases, which preferentially incorporate 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (dAMP) opposite to the lesion [10].
• The rates of degradation of cyanuric acid, a key intermediate in a metabolic pathway of s-triazine herbicides, were measured for Pseudomonas sp. NRRL B-12227 [11].

Biological context of Celotex

• 11. The degradative pathway of melamine appears to be hydrolytic, and proceeds by three successive deaminations to cyanuric acid, which is further metabolized [12].
• We propose that expression of the cyanuric acid degradation operon atzDEF is controlled by means of a complex regulatory circuit in which AtzR is the main activator [13].
• For this purpose, a convenient glycosylation method involving 3,5-protected 2-deoxyribofuranoside chloride and cyanuric acid (2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine) was devised [14].
• Plasmid pADP-1 was previously shown to encode AtzA, AtzB, and AtzC, which catalyze the sequential hydrolytic removal of s-triazine ring substituents from the herbicide atrazine to yield cyanuric acid [2].
• Hydrolysis of cyanuric acid was detected in crude extracts of Escherichia coli containing the cloned gene by monitoring the disappearance of cyanuric acid and the appearance of biuret by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [15].

Anatomical context of Celotex

• Plasma concentration-time profiles of Oxo and its metabolites after i.v. and oral administration of S-1 revealed that Oxo was mainly converted to cyanuric acid in the GI tract [16].
• The rate of degradation was affected by the rate of cyanuric acid transport through cell membranes and the activity of cyanuric acid amidohydrolase inside the cells [11].

Associations of Celotex with other chemical compounds

• The derivative afforded complexes with chloranilic acid and cyanuric acid composed of hydrogen bonding networks [17].
• The final products for both methods, US and photolysis with POM, were cyanuric acid (OOOT), NO3-, Cl-, CO2, and H2O [18].
• RESULTS: Cyanuric acid-linked methoxypolyethylene glycol reduced hemagglutination titers moderately, although alpha-galactosidase treatment reduced hemagglutination titers to levels similar to negative controls [19].
• This was found to be due to high concentrations of cyanuric acid which resulted in a 'chlorine lock'. The source of the P. vesicularis and CDC Group IV C2 was found to be the pool hose and this problem was alleviated by flushing it with water each day before use [20].
• The syntheses of calix[4]arene dimelamines that are functionalized with alkyl, aminoalkyl, ureido, pyridyl, carbohydrate, amino acid and peptide functionalities, and their self-assembly with barbituric acid or cyanuric acid derivatives into well-defined hydrogen-bonded nanostructures are described [21].

Gene context of Celotex

• Ten bacteria that use cyanuric acid as a sole nitrogen source for growth were found to contain either atzD or trzD, but not both genes [22].
• Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP initiates atrazine catabolism via three enzymatic steps, encoded by atzA, -B, and -C, which yield cyanuric acid, a nitrogen source for many bacteria [23].
• A recombinant Escherichia coli strain containing atzD, encoding cyanuric acid hydrolase that produces biuret, and atzF grew slowly on cyanuric acid as a source of nitrogen [24].
• The amount of growth produced was consistent with the liberation of 3 mol of ammonia from cyanuric acid [24].
• Addition of cyanuric acid to BBAS before chlorination resulted in lower killing rates, although the free chlorine concentration, determined with the FAS-DPD method, seemed to be increased [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Celotex

• High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that cyanuric acid degradation was not encoded by pADP-1. pADP-1 was transferred to Escherichia coli strains at a frequency of 4.7 x 10(-2) [23].
• DEAE and hydrophobic interaction HPLC were used to purify cyanuric acid amidohydrolase to homogeneity, and a spectrophotometric assay for the purified enzyme was developed [15].
• Amplification with the trzD (cyanuric acid amidohydrolase) primers showed a positive PCR signal for all Olentangy wetland sediment samples [26].
• As a result of occasional water discolouration, the hydrotherapy pool of a large teaching hospital was monitored for free and combined chlorine, alkalinity, calcium hardness, total dissolved solids and cyanuric acid levels together with bacteriological analysis [20].
• Different resuscitation responses were observed under different starvation conditions such that long lag phase was, observed for Rhodococcus corallinus strain 11 subjected to cyanuric acid starvation [27].

References