Disease relevance of CHAD

• Thirty-eight Stage III ovarian carcinoma patients were treated with a combined modality protocol consisting of sequential initial surgery with a maximal tumor reduction, CHAD combination chemotherapy, second look reductive surgery and whole abdominal irradiation [1].
• Ten-year evaluation of hypertension, overweight, cholesterol, and smoking control: the CHAD program in Jerusalem. Community Syndrome of Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Diabetes [2].
• Cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CHAD) as second-line chemotherapy for ovarian adenocarcinoma [3].
• To investigate the role of coincident respiratory viral and mycoplasmal agents in the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis, we performed a matched case-control study of 62 patients with group A meningococcal meningitis during an epidemic in Chad [4].
• Electrophoretic enzyme typing revealed that a single group A Neisseria meningitidis clonal complex, designated III-1, was responsible for recent epidemics in Nepal, Saudi Arabia, and Chad [5].

Psychiatry related information on CHAD

• In 1993 a survey of Pliocene and Pleistocene formations in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Province of Chad (B.E.T.) led to the discovery of 17 new sites in the region of Bahr el Ghazal (classical Arabic for River of the Gazelles) near Koro Toro [6].

High impact information on CHAD

• Adhesion of bovine articular chondrocytes to chondroadherin-coated dishes was dependent on Mg2+ or Mn2+ but not Ca2+ [7].
• Immunoprecipitation of the EDTA-eluted material from the affinity column identified alpha2beta1 as a chondroadherin-binding integrin [7].
• In the present study we investigated cell surface proteins involved in the interaction of cells with chondroadherin in cell adhesion and by affinity purification [7].
• To identify the alpha integrin subunit(s) involved in interaction of cells with the protein, we affinity purified chondroadherin-binding membrane proteins from human fibroblasts [7].
• Chondroadherin is a cell binding, leucine-rich repeat protein found in the territorial matrix of articular cartilage [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of CHAD

• The CHAD and HAD regimens in advanced ovarian cancer: combination chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) [9].
• A prospective randomized trial is planned comparing CHAD to melphalan in previously untreated women with advanced ovarian cancer [9].

Biological context of CHAD

• The structure and chromosome location of the human chondroadherin gene (CHAD) [10].
• Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the chondroadherin gene possesses two introns, both of which reside within the coding region [10].
• Isolation of a cosmid clone spanning the chondroadherin gene enabled its chromosome location to be established [10].
• Control of hypertension, overweight, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking is a major objective of the CHAD program, a multifactorial cardiovascular risk factor program built into a family practice, which has operated in a neighborhood of western Jerusalem since 1971 [2].
• The pattern of divergence indicated that the invasion of the western and northern plains in the summer of 1995 may not, as reported then, have originated in eastern Chad or western Sudan. A number of interrelated hypotheses have been presented to explain the observed genetic heterogeneity between the sampled populations [11].

Anatomical context of CHAD

• We show that complexes of monomeric collagen type II and chondroadherin can be released under non-denaturing conditions from articular cartilage treated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate to activate resident matrix metalloproteinases [8].
• It is suggested, therefore, that the pancreatic islet function in CHAD is closely associated with the morphologic changes in islet endocrine cells [12].
• Changes in the pancreatic A-, B- and D-cell populations during development of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters of the Asahikawa colony (CHAD) [12].
• Electric organ discharges (EODs) of Gymnarchus niloticus in its natural habitat (Chari River, Chad Basin) and accompanying ecological data (pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, O2 dissolved) were recorded [13].

Associations of CHAD with chemical compounds

• The results suggested that adhesion to collagen type II and chondroadherin involves similar or nearby sites on the alpha2beta1 integrin [7].
• Chondroadherin (the 36-kD protein) is a leucine-rich, cartilage matrix protein known to mediate adhesion of isolated chondrocytes [7].
• Based on this high level of activity in this poor-risk group, the three drugs were combined with cyclophosphamide in a four-drug regimen (CHAD) for initial therapy suitable for outpatient administration [9].
• All patients had postoperative combination chemotherapy: either with PA [Platinol (Bristol, UK) and adriamycin] or with CHAD (cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) [14].
• Coverage of pilot parenteral vaccination campaign against canine rabies in N'Djaména, Chad [15].

Other interactions of CHAD

• There were significantly positive correlations between plasma and pancreatic insulin, and plasma and pancreatic glucagon levels in CHAD (P less than 0.01) [12].
• Significant correlations were found between plasma and pancreatic hormone levels (except for somatostatin) and the advance of diabetes in CHAD (P less than 0.01) [12].
• As compared with RA-SF, significantly higher numbers of OA-SF adhering to collagen type II, OPN and CHAD could be detected (P < 0.05) [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CHAD

• Purified complexes as well as complexes formed in vitro between recombinant chondroadherin and collagen type II were studied by electron microscopy [8].
• All patients received three to 14 courses of CHAD chemotherapy with a clinical response rate (complete [CR] and partial [PR]) of 91% [17].
• The patients received 3-14 courses of CHAD combination chemotherapy, with a response rate (CR + PR) in the evaluable (Stage IIIB) patients of 91% [1].
• However, DDP-MECY had a statistically significantly lower relapse rate (P less than 0.02) and a statistically significantly higher negative second-look laparotomy rate than did DDP-CHAD [18].
• Out of 4176 sera from asymptomatic adults originating from Chad, equatorial Guinea and Gabon tested for HIV-1 antibodies, 146 (3.5%) were positive by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) [19].

References