Disease relevance of B3GALTL

• Recombinant proteins expressed by UG86-1 in Escherichia coli also had antigenic epitopes recognized by the other MAbs against normal GalT [1].
• A complementary DNA (cDNA) library was constructed from a human ovarian cancer cell line, RMG-I, which secreted an amount of GAT into the culture supernatant and screened with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against GAT and normal GalT [1].
• Previously, we have reported that the expression of GalT V is increased in the process of glioma [2].
• The elevated levels of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I; EC 2.4.1.38) are detected in highly metastatic lung cancer PGBE1 cells compared with its less metastatic partner PGLH7 cells [3].
• GalT is deficient in galactosemia [4].

High impact information on B3GALTL

• To mark the Golgi in HeLa cells, we stably expressed the Golgi stack enzyme N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 (GalNAc-T2) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or to an 11-amino acid epitope, VSV-G (VSV), and the trans/TGN enzyme beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalT) fused to GFP [5].
• GalT was found in the trans-cisterna and trans-Golgi network but, contrary to expectation, NAGT I was found both in the medial- and trans-cisternae, overlapping the distribution of GalT [6].
• After detection of a microdeletion by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, we identified biallelic truncating mutations in the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase-like gene (B3GALTL) in all 20 tested patients, showing that Peters Plus is a monogenic, primarily single-mutation syndrome [7].
• Crystal structures of HINT demonstrate that histidine triad proteins are GalT-related nucleotide-binding proteins [8].
• The galactosyltransferase associated with tumor (GAT) was the name given to the isoenzyme that tends to polymerize resulting in slower moving in a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than normal (beta 1-4)galactosyltransferase (normal GalT) [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of B3GALTL

• Our results suggested that the down-regulation of the expression of GalT V could promote the expression of cell surface integrin beta1 and subsequently inhibit glioma malignant phenotype [9].

Biological context of B3GALTL

• The B3GTL gene lacks canonical TATA and CAAT boxes and contains three functional polyadenylation sites [10].
• The 229-base pair nucleotide sequence encoded by UG86-1 was identical to the stem region sequence of HGT832 which encodes a full-length cDNA of human GalT [1].
• Cotransfection of the GalT I promoter/luciferase reporter and the Ets family protein E1AF expression plasmid increased the luciferase reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner [3].
• Decreasing the GalT I surface expression by small interfering RNA or interfering with the surface of GalT I function by mutation inhibited cell adhesion on laminin, the invasive potential in vitro, and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase [3].
• Furthermore, decreasing the expression of GalT V in glioma cells promoted apoptosis, inhibited the invasion and migration and the ability of tumor formation in vivo, and reduced the activation of AKT [2].

Anatomical context of B3GALTL

• In this study, the ectopic expression of GalT V could promote the invasion and survival of glioma cells and transformed astrocytes [2].
• Use of GalT knockout donors markedly extends the survival of vascularized thymus plus renal xenografts in baboons [11].
• After 24 h of treatment with 10 nM TX14(A), a 14-mer prosaptide, the specific activity of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (GalT) in primary Schwann cells was increased by 150% over controls [12].
• The membrane preparation also incorporated [(14)C]Gal into beta-(1-->4)-galactan, indicating that the membranes contained different types of GalT isoform catalyzing the synthesis of different types of galactosidic linkage [13].
• Soluble Gal-T, purified from human breast milk, was shown to be very heterogeneous by isoelectric focusing (IEF) [14].

Associations of B3GALTL with chemical compounds

• Gal-T1 also transfers GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to GlcNAc, but with only approximately 0.1% of Gal-T activity [15].
• After a 1-h nocodazole treatment, Vero alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase and GalT were found in scattered cytoplasmic patches that increased in number over time [16].
• Here we identify the putative glycosyltransferase, B3GTL, as the beta1,3-glucosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of this disaccharide [17].
• The RG-I GalT had a temperature optimum of 30 degrees C. an apparent Km for UDP-Gal and exogenous RG-I substrate of 460 +/- 40 microM and 1.1 +/- 0.1 mg ml(-1) respectively, and a Vmax of 3.0 +/- 0.5 pkat mg(-1) protein [18].
• Using two-step discontinuous sucrose step gradients, galactosyltransferase (GalT) activity that synthesized 70%-methanol-insoluble products from UDP-[(14)C]Gal was detected in both the 0.5 M sucrose fraction and the 0.25/1.1 M sucrose interface [19].

Other interactions of B3GALTL

• On the other hand, the catalytic constant (k(cat)) in the Gal-T reaction is comparable with the wild type, whereas it is 3-5-fold higher in the GalNAc-T reaction [15].
• cDNAs, encoding human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (hGalT I, EC 2.4.1.22), human Galbeta1,3(4)-GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (hST3GalIII, EC 2.4.99), and human Galbeta1,4-GlcNAc alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I, EC 2.4.99.1), were cloned from human cell lines [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of B3GALTL

• Thin, frozen sections of a HeLa cell line were double labeled with specific antibodies to localize the trans-Golgi enzyme, beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase (GalT) and the medial enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (NAGT I) [6].
• It was identified that E1AF could bind to and activate the GalT I promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay in PGLH7 cells and COS1 cells [3].
• As determined by immunoelectron microscopy, the induced vesicle packets contained GalT, whereas the CM and PC contained a specific protein marker for the intermediate compartment (ERGIC53) [21].
• This abstract presents clinical data on recipients of GalT knockout kidneys, especially focusing on four long-term recipients of GalT knockout kidney plus thymus transplantation in detail [11].
• Life-supporting pig-to-baboon renal transplantation using GalT knockout donors: Benefit of cotransplanting a vascularized donor thymic graft [11].

References