Disease relevance of trans-Golgi Network

• A tyrosine-based motif and a casein kinase II phosphorylation site regulate the intracellular trafficking of the varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein I, a protein localized in the trans-Golgi network [1].
• Lowe syndrome results from mutations in the OCRL1 gene, which encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate 5-phosphatase located in the trans-Golgi network [2].
• Using the glycoprotein of the tsO45 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) as a marker, we have developed a system capable of measuring vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the trans Golgi network (TGN) in vitro [3].
• The protein encoded by the Menkes disease gene (MNK) is localised to the Golgi apparatus and cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane in cultured cells on addition and removal of copper to the growth medium [4].
• Herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids transit by the trans-Golgi network, where viral glycoproteins accumulate independently of capsid egress [5].

Psychiatry related information on trans-Golgi Network

• Beta-secretase processing in the trans-Golgi network preferentially generates truncated amyloid species that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease brain [6].

High impact information on trans-Golgi Network

• Protein kinase D regulates the fission of cell surface destined transport carriers from the trans-Golgi network [7].
• The GGAs constitute a family of modular adaptor-related proteins that bind ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and localize to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) via their GAT domains [8].
• This cleavage is an evolutionarily conserved, general property of Notch and occurs in the trans-Golgi network as the receptor traffics toward the plasma membrane [9].
• Brefeldin A causes a microtubule-mediated fusion of the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes [10].
• Mannose 6-phosphate receptors carry soluble lysosomal enzymes from the trans Golgi network (TGN) to prelysosomes, and then return to the TGN for another round of lysosomal enzyme sorting [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of trans-Golgi Network

• The highest density of labelling for RII was found on membranes of the prelysosomal compartment (PLC; marked with the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, MPR) and the trans-Golgi network, TGN (at 20 degrees C, marked with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV), as well as in coated buds on the latter [12].
• Cellular trans-Golgi network (TGN) serine proteases (e.g., furin) are required to cleave HIV envelope gp160 to gp120 [13].

Biological context of trans-Golgi Network

• Further, we show that endogenous PI3K-C2alpha is localized in coated pits and that exogenous expression affects clathrin-mediated endocytosis and sorting in the trans-Golgi network [14].
• Phosphorylation of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor is closely associated with its exit from the trans-Golgi network [15].
• Using a new assay for membrane fusion between late Golgi/endosomal compartments, we have reconstituted a rapid, robust homotypic fusion reaction between membranes containing Kex2p and Ste13p, two enzymes resident in the yeast trans-Golgi network (TGN) [16].
• These functions include cell-surface receptor-regulated hydrolysis of PIP2 by phospholipases C beta- and gamma-isozymes, regulated release of secretory granules, and the budding of constitutive secretory vesicles and immature secretory granules from the trans-Golgi network [17].
• GGA (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ARF-binding) proteins are potential effectors of ADP-ribosylation factors, are associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and are involved in protein transport from this compartment [18].

Anatomical context of trans-Golgi Network

• Role of dynamin in the formation of transport vesicles from the trans-Golgi network [19].
• Proteins synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes are transported through the Golgi apparatus and, on reaching the trans-Golgi network, are sorted for delivery to various cellular destinations [20].
• BICD1 and BICD2 colocalize with Rab6a on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and on cytoplasmic vesicles, and associate with Golgi membranes in a Rab6-dependent manner [21].
• In contrast, truncated ATP7B mutants showed a diffuse, clustered, cytoplasmic pattern, distinct from the trans-Golgi network or endoplasmic reticulum [22].
• Phospholipase D stimulates release of nascent secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi network [23].

Associations of trans-Golgi Network with chemical compounds

• Thus, the GGAs appear to mediate sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network [24].
• Here we show that prominin, an apically sorted pentaspan membrane protein, becomes associated in the trans-Golgi network with a lipid raft that is soluble in Triton X-100 but insoluble in another non-ionic detergent, Lubrol WX [25].
• TGN38 is maintained in the trans-Golgi network by a tyrosine-containing motif in the cytoplasmic domain [26].
• The TGN38 glycoprotein contains two non-overlapping signals that mediate localization to the trans-Golgi network [27].
• The labeling pattern for XG suggests that it is assembled in trans-Golgi cisternae and departs from the monensin-sensitive trans-Golgi network [28].

Gene context of trans-Golgi Network

• Recent work has shown that PtdIns(4)P and the small GTPase ARF1 function cooperatively in the recruitment of four-phosphate adaptor proteins (FAPPs) to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and has implicated FAPPs in formation of the membrane domain and in post-Golgi trafficking [29].
• In vitro studies showed that ATP7B, located in the trans-Golgi network, traffics to a cytoplasmic vesicular compartment in response to increased copper concentration [22].
• Furin catalyzes the proteolytic maturation of many proproteins within the trans-Golgi network (TGN)/endosomal system [30].
• The Gcs1 and Age2 ArfGAP proteins provide overlapping essential function for transport from the yeast trans-Golgi network [31].
• Studies of the yeast trans-Golgi network (TGN)/endosomal SNARE complex, which includes the syntaxin-like SNARE Tlg2p, have suggested that its assembly requires activation by binding of the SM protein Vps45p to the cytoplasmic region of Tlg2p folded into a closed conformation [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of trans-Golgi Network

• Rab9-positive transport vesicles fuse with the trans-Golgi network as followed by video microscopy of live cells [33].
• Differential effects of brefeldin A on membranes of the Golgi stack versus the trans Golgi network were also observed by immunofluorescence analysis of marker proteins specific for either compartment [34].
• Using subcellular fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy, we show that AtVTI1a colocalizes with the putative vacuolar cargo receptor AtELP on the trans-Golgi network and the PVC [35].
• By immunofluorescence microscopy, the resultant punctate AMF-R label resembles the products of IQ-mediated vesiculation of the trans-Golgi network, however, the two labels can be distinguished by confocal microscopy [36].
• Indirect immunofluorescence of cells infected with chlamydiae stained with an antibody to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) protein TGN38 demonstrated that in infected cells, the integrity and structure of the TGN was altered [37].

References