Disease relevance of INS

• BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays crucial roles in uterine leiomyoma cell growth through stimulating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis [1].
• Larvae and stage 6 metamorphosing individuals were injected intraperitoneally once per day for 2 days with either saline (0.6%), bovine INS (100 ng/g body weight), or alloxan (0.2 mg/g body weight) [2].
• We conclude the following: 1) Insulin antibodies are transferred through the placenta; 2) The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia is high if the mother's insulin antibody levels are high; 3) Bovine insulin preparations should not be used [3].

High impact information on INS

• Dehydroepiandrosterone Mimics Acute Actions of Insulin to Stimulate Production of Both Nitric Oxide and Endothelin 1 via Distinct Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase- and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathways in Vascular Endothelium [4].
• AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Insulin autoantibodies appear often as the first autoantibody in children who develop islet-cell autoimmunity [5].
• Swiss 3T3 cells can be made quiescent at low density by plating in medium MCDB 402 supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX), insulin (INS) and bovine plasma fibronectin (BPFn) for 3 days [6].
• RESULTS: Insulin stimulated the synthesis of collagen but did not affect the accumulation of lumican and keratocan [7].
• 4) Insulin treatment of the cells caused activation of the enzyme glycogen synthase from a glucose-6-phosphate-dependent form to an independent form [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of INS

• Glucose metabolism was also stimulated in adipose tissue from 127-kg swine when incubated for 2 h with INS; however, INS responsiveness declined with increasing body weight [9].

Biological context of INS

• Subsequently, the insulin level increased together with the E2 peak towards ovulation [10].
• Early lactation cows averaged greater (P less than .05) daily milk production (33.4 vs 22.1 kg), greater (P less than .05) plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations (3.9 vs 3.0 ng/ml) but lesser (P less than .01) insulin (INS) concentrations (.49 vs .73 ng/ml) than LL cows [11].
• Of the plasma hormones and metabolites evaluated, IGF-I2 was the most significant predictor of days to first postpartum ovulation, whereas glucose2 and INS were the significant predictors of days to second postpartum ovulation [12].
• The effects of somatotropin (STH) and energy intake on serum concentrations of glucose (GLU), insulin (INS), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea nitrogen (UN) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were determined in 40 Angus heifers [13].
• Here, we investigate whether differential binding affinities of the OVA and INS peptides to H-2K(b) influence the phenotype of the CD8(+) CTL [14].

Anatomical context of INS

• Skeletal muscle protein degradation, measured by urinary N tau-methylhistidine excretion, and circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), and cortisol (CT) were monitored in steers before and after implantation with estradiol-17 beta (E2; 24 mg) and trenbolone acetate (TBA; 300 mg) [15].
• In vitro actions of insulin-like growth factor-I on ovarian follicle maturation in white perch (Morone americana) [16].
• 1. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors were studied in bovine chromaffin cells isolated from the medulla by collagenase digestion and kept in primary culture [17].
• Adhesion and proliferation of bovine carotid artery endothelial cells (ECs) were examined on the RGDS-INS co-immobilized thermoresponsive interfaces [18].
• The possibility of using insulin (INS), which is transported into the brain by receptor-mediated transcytosis, as a peptide carrier for delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was investigated [19].

Associations of INS with chemical compounds

• Cells were treated with various concentrations (3-500ng/ml) and combinations of IGF-I, IGF-II, FSH, LH, E2, INS, leptin and (or) cortisol for 24h (Experiments 1-10) [20].
• Concentrations of serum insulin (INS) and plasma glucose (GLU) were similar (P > .10) in rbST and VEH heifers before first injection (Exp. 1 and 2) [21].
• Holstein cows (n = 19) were bled twice each week to determine plasma concentrations of insulin (INS), glucose, cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), and progesterone (P4) [12].
• A feeding x period interaction (P less than .10) was observed for mean GH concentration, and INS, T4, and T3 concentrations were higher (P less than .05) during the 4-h postfeeding period than during the 4-h prefeeding period [22].
• Concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and glucose were determined [22].

Other interactions of INS

• In conclusion, our data strongly support the concept that IGF-I and insulin represent 'metabolic signals' of the resumption of ovarian function post-partum in high-producing dairy cows [10].
• Ten fine-wool wethers (29 +/- kg BW) pair-fed kochia or alfalfa hay for 21 d had similar levels of PRL and INS at d 0, 5, 10, and 21; however, GH was lower in wethers fed kochia at d 5 (P less than .05) and somewhat lower at d 10 and 21 [23].
• Insulin (INS)- and somatostatin (SST)-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated by light immunocytochemistry in the endocrine pancreas of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of INS

• Active immunization against GRF resulted in decreased serum concentration of ST, IGF-I, and INS [25].
• Six Japanese Black and seven Holstein primiparous cows received a single intravenous injection of GH-releasing factor (GRF; 0.25 microg/kg), glucose (112.5 mg/kg), or INS (0.2 U/kg) from late pregnancy (2 weeks antepartum) to mid-lactation (6 months postpartum) [26].
• These bio-functionalized interfaces were prepared by electron beam-induced copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAAm) with its carboxyl-derivatized analog, 2-carboxyisopropylacrylamide (CIPAAm), and grafting onto tissue culture polystyrene dishes, followed by immobilization of RGDS and/or INS to CIPAAm carboxyls [18].
• Serum INS was lower in RES-A cows during the cycle prior to ovariectomy than in CON cows (P < .05) [27].
• Serum or plasma was analyzed for glucose (GLU), lactate (LAC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hemoglobin (HEM), triglyceride (TRG), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin (INS), cortisol (CORT) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration [28].

References