Disease relevance of SST

• Somatostatin decreased the secretion of GH and PRL by pituitary tumor cells grown with or without T3 [1].
• Clones and controls were challenged with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) (3 microg/100 kg body weight) and somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor [SRIF]) (1.87 and 5 microg/100 kg body weight) at 14 mo of age [2].
• All exocrine pancreatic carcinomas metastasized widely and were immunonegative for insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide [3].

Psychiatry related information on SST

• 4. The Na2CO3 infusate, like HCl, inhibited gastric motor activity and digesta emptying, but the concentration of circulating somatostatin was only slightly elevated above pre-infusion levels [4].

High impact information on SST

• Spiking activity of the gastrointestinal tract was recorded in 4 fasted pigs and 4 fasted dogs during the intravenous infusion at two rates, 5 (rate A) and 20 (rate B) ng . kg-1 . min-1 of 13-Nle-motilin, somatostatin, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide [5].
• Adenovirus-5 E3 and E4, c-fos and somatostatin regulatory regions containing CRE/ATF-element exhibited responsiveness to p38tax in a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient expression assay [6].
• The gamma5 peptide has no effect on Ca(2+) current modulation by the alpha2-adrenergic and somatostatin receptors [7].
• The presence of PC1/3 and PC2 in secretory vesicles of bovine adrenal medulla (chromaffin granules) implicates their role in the processing the precursors of enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, and other neuropeptides that are present in chromaffin granules [8].
• The activation phenomenon was not mimicked by insulin A or B chains, somatostatin, glucagon, or bovine serum albumin, and could be prevented by insulin antiserum [9].

Biological context of SST

• The results suggest that the two somatostatin genes present in both anglerfish and catfish were the result of a gene duplication event in a common ancestor of anglerfish and catfish [10].
• A variable copy duplication and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ and one SNP in SST were genotyped and tested for association with 19 traits in a 14-generation pedigree of 1697 registered Angus artificial insemination sires representing all the major USA lineages of the breed [11].
• We conclude that the calcium antagonist verapamil may also interact with sodium channels, and that the peptide somatostatin may act on growth-hormone-secreting cells either to prevent the rise in cytoplasmic calcium by hyperpolarizing the cells or to decrease the affinity of a population of calcium binding sites in the cells [12].
• Somatostatin (SRIF) is a putative peptide neurotransmitter that may interact with brain capillaries following neurosecretion of the peptide [13].
• Calcium homeostasis in bovine somatotrophs: calcium oscillations and calcium regulation by growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin [14].

Anatomical context of SST

• Measurement of testicular ultrasonic echotexture and SST after GnRH treatment augmented measurement of testicular size for predicting the number and percentage of live spermatozoa [15].
• Treatment with GnRH (100 micrograms, i.m.) increased (P < 0.0001) serum LH and testosterone concentrations and increased (P < 0.0001) SST (range 0.6 to 1.1 degrees C; P < 0.05) at the top and bottom of the scrotum [15].
• Although the luminal and abluminal sides of brain endothelial cells are both capable of taking up large neutral amino acids, only uptake from the abluminal side appears to be inhibited by somatostatin [16].
• 1. The effect of somatostatin on the responses to moderate insulin hypoglycaemia and to 2-deoxyglucose has been examined in 2--3 week-old calves with cut splanchnic nerves [17].
• The [Ca2+]i oscillations seen in a proportion of the somatotrophs were modulated in frequency by GHRH and SS, and are probably generated by influx of Ca2+ through channels in the cell membrane [14].

Associations of SST with chemical compounds

• Our results indicated that blood for NEFA testing should be collected into EDTA or nonanticoagulant tubes (but not SST), separated promptly from cells, and maintained at 4 degrees C until analysis [18].
• Blood was collected from dairy cows into EDTA, heparin, nonanticoagulant tubes, and SST, and analyzed immediately to obtain baseline NEFA and BHBA concentrations [18].
• This peptide was purified by chromatography on an affinity column made with anti-somatostatin antiserum, a reverse-phase C-18 HPLC column, and three sequential applications on a reverse-phase phenyl HPLC column [19].
• The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin induced a modest but statistically significant release of histamine from both skin and lung mast cells, whilst substance P only induced histamine secretion from skin mast cells [20].
• Mechanism of action of somatostatin: inhibition of ionophore A23187-induced release of growth hormone from dispersed bovine pituitary cells [21].

Regulatory relationships of SST

• Therefore, we wanted to determine if GHRP-6 stimulated secretion of GHRH or inhibited secretion of somatostatin, or both [22].
• The studies indicate that somatostatin inhibits PTH secretion by an action distal to cAMP generation [23].

Other interactions of SST

• GRP, but not bombesin, produced a small but significant rise in the mean plasma somatostatin concentration [24].
• 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were most numerous, somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were moderately numerous, whereas CCK-immunoreactive cells were rare [25].
• Approximately 75 pmol was collected from eight pooled glands. beta-Endorphin is an addition to the list of peptide hormones (e.g., methionine-enkephalin, adrenocorticotropin, arginine-vasopressin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, beta-lipotropin and somatostatin) previously discovered in IGC by this laboratory [26].
• Using immunostained serial sections and specific antibodies against bovine PrP(c), insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin A and chromogranin B we found that PrP(c) is highly expressed in all endocrine cells of fetal and adult pancreatic islets with a particular strong expression in A-cells [27].
• Antisera directed against somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing factor stained perikarya, nerve fibers and terminals in the anuran brain with a distribution that was different from antisera directed against proenkephalin-derived peptides [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SST

• A study was conducted to determine changes in serum LH and testosterone concentrations and in scrotal surface temperature (SST; measured with infrared thermography) following GnRH treatment and to predict the number of spermatozoa collected and the proportion that were viable [15].
• Dilutions of retinal SLI parallel the standard curve for radioimmunoassay obtained with synthetic somatostatin [29].
• Coronal and sagittal frozen sections (30-60 microns) of Zamboni's fixed hypothalamic tissue, without prior colchicine treatment were incubated with GHRH or SS primary antisera for 48 h, then visualized by peroxidase-diaminobenzidine immunocytochemistry [30].
• Breakdown of somatostatin and substance P by cathepsin D purified from calf brain by affinity chromatography [31].
• Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to quantify and visualize the transport of the octapeptide and somatostatin analogue, octreotide (SMS 201-995, Sandostatin), across monolayers of bovine cerebrovascular endothelial cells, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier [32].

References