Disease relevance of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• Over half had sterile pyuria; immature granulocytic leukocytosis; coagulation abnormalities; hypocalcemia; low serum albumin and total protein concentrations; and elevations of blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and creatine kinase [1].
• However, the case reported here and a chart review of 10 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis showed creatinine concentration to be disporportionately elevated compared to the blood urea nitrogen level on admission, compatible with true renal insufficiency [2].
• Toxicity from cyclosporine comprised mild and reversible elevations of the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen [3].
• Significant differences in the serum potassium and blood urea nitrogen levels became apparent between the two groups of patients as renal failure progressed, and the mean average blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in the low U(Na) group (13.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.1 +/- 1.1) [4].
• In all variables examined (fall in food intake, time of first fall in food intake, host weight loss, elevation of blood urea nitrogen) the severities were always in the same sequence: single TB greater than parabiotic TB half greater than parabiotic tumor-free half greater than NTB [5].

Psychiatry related information on Blood Urea Nitrogen

• Their clinical manifestations include mental retardation, delayed speech development, low percentiles for height, weight and head circumference, dysmorphic ears, cubitus valgus, pseudoclubbing of fingers, flexion deformity of toes, small kidneys, elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [6].
• Multivariate analysis found a negative relationship between a survival time longer than 60 days and five of these variables; these variables were in decreasing order: encephalopathy, alcohol consumption, aspartate amino transferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen, and total bilirubin [7].
• Symptoms consisted of lethargy, fever, tremulousness, confusion, and extrapyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, accompanied by leucocytosis and elevated serum enzyme, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and fasting blood glucose levels [8].

High impact information on Blood Urea Nitrogen

• The adequacy of dialysis was assessed by measuring the percent reduction in the blood urea nitrogen concentration and the serum albumin concentration [9].
• Even though creatinine clearance decreased significantly (P = 0.001), control of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was adequate [10].
• We observed elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and decrease in creatine clearance in patients taking anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin [11].
• Serum analysis in the same mice showed no elevation in blood urea nitrogen, indicating lack of effect on kidney function but a statistically significant (P =.046), albeit non-life-threatening, elevation in liver alanine aminotransferase levels [12].
• Early administration of Roscovitine reduced immunostaining for collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin at days 5 and 10 (r = 0.984; P < 0.001), which was associated with improved renal function (urinary protein/creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, P < 0.05) [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• Treated animals had significantly higher blood glucose and insulin levels and lower blood urea nitrogen concentrations than baboons receiving E. coli alone [14].
• Logistic regression linked early mortality to bilirubin and blood-urea nitrogen (BUN) (p = 0.001), and long-term survival to the presence of preoperative ascites and higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.027), but neither variable set was a more accurate predictor than Child Class [15].
• Serum sodium, chloride, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and osmolality have a predictive role for the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis in the hypophosphatemic state that shows a high specificity and a moderate sensitivity [16].
• Animals that were deficient in C3 had partial protection from IRI induced by 27.5 min of bilateral renal ischemia, followed by 20 h of reperfusion (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] values, 46.6 +/- 6.9 and 68.4 +/- 7.9 mg/dl in C3 -/- and C3 +/+ mice; n = 7 and 8, respectively; P = 0.033) [17].
• Body weight (P = 0.037) and the levels of fasting blood sugar (P = 0.014), serum total cholesterol (P = 0.017), blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.030), compensated calcium (P < 0.001), inorganic phosphorus (P < 0.001), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001), and compensated urinary deoxypyridinoline (P < 0.001) increased significantly [18].

Biological context of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• A modest decrease in serum sodium and increase in serum potassium, and readily reversible elevations of blood urea nitrogen were noted in the diuresis group [19].
• Of 42 prognostic factors identified in previous studies, 8 were associated with mortality, but only a respiratory rate of 30/min or more, a diastolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg or less, and a blood urea nitrogen of more than 7 mmol/L remained predictive in the multivariate analysis [20].
• MEASUREMENTS: Serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations; serum carbon dioxide content; anion gap; blood urea nitrogen level; and serum creatinine level [21].
• Tissue histology and other hematological parameters were normal, as was the majority of serum biochemistry, with the exception that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were decreased in mice lacking SSB-2 [22].
• The effects of the two treatments on plasma electrolytes, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration were similar [23].

Anatomical context of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• With the two-drug combination the function of the left ventricle was not reduced and possibly improved; blood urea nitrogen and serum electrolyte and creatinine concentration were not affected [24].
• CDDP + WBH-mediated acute renal injury and CBDCA + WBH-mediated acute myelosuppression, as determined by blood urea nitrogen and peripheral blood cell counts, respectively, were not increased with the addition of TNF to either dual modality therapy [25].
• Increased risk of end point was associated with coronary artery disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 2.49), blood urea nitrogen (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.02), cancer (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.30), and digoxin (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.39) [26].
• BX471 improved blood urea nitrogen levels (BX471, 35.1 +/- 5.3; vehicle, 73.1 +/- 39.6 mg/dl; P < 0.05) and reduced the amount of ERHR-3 macrophages, CD3 lymphocytes, Ki-67 positive proliferating cells, and ssDNA positive apoptotic cells in the interstitium but not in glomeruli [27].
• Vegans had significantly lower leukocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and lower concentrations of complement factor 3 and blood urea nitrogen but higher serum albumin concentrations [28].

Associations of Blood Urea Nitrogen with chemical compounds

• After 10 doses of gentamicin, blood-urea nitrogen values in group 1 averaged 213 +/- 15 (SE) and 25 +/- 3 (P less than 0.001) in group 2 [29].
• Both caused increases in somatomedin and triglycerides and decreases in blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol [30].
• Demeclocycline administration (600 to 900 mg/day for 8 to 9 days) resulted in [a] increased blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine concentrations; [b] reduction of the inulin clearance by between 63% to 78% and of paraaminophippurate clearance by 36% to 77%; and [c] an impairment of the renal concentrating ability [31].
• When dithiocarbamate rescue was carried out after cis-platinum treatment, mean blood urea nitrogen levels were in the range 56-95 mg/dl; kidney sections were grossly normal with a barely discernible band of degeneration at the corticomedullary junction [32].
• It prevented, in a dose-dependent manner, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels [33].

Gene context of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• In rats treated with GM (70 mg/kg/12 h/4 days/s.c.), ARF was evident by the: (i) decrease in creatinine clearance and increase in blood urea nitrogen, (ii) decrease in blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increase in urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and total protein, and (iii) necrosis of proximal tubular cells [34].
• The three subjects with HNF-1 beta diabetes also had abnormally high serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels, which are consistent with impaired kidney function, and one of seven subjects with HNF-1 alpha diabetes had a mild elevation in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels [35].
• RESULTS: Kallikrein gene delivery resulted in reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein and albumin levels in DSS rats on a high salt diet [36].
• Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and renal caspase-1, -3, -8 and -9 activity were measured on days 1, 2, and 3 after cisplatin injection [37].
• In vivo, mice treated with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg body wt) developed severe renal dysfunction at 72 h [blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 154 +/- 34 mg/dl, creatinine: 1.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dl], which was accompanied by an increase in kidney p38 MAPK activity and an increase in infiltrating leukocytes [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Blood Urea Nitrogen

• Intravenous injection of recombinant human HGF into mice remarkably suppressed increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine caused by administration of cisplatin, a widely used antitumor drug, or HgCl2, thereby indicating that HGF strongly prevented the onset of acute renal dysfunction [39].
• Finally, about 7 weeks after treatment, a terminal phase indicated by correlated increases in glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen became apparent [40].
• Benign azotemia of long-term hemodialysis: increase in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations after the initiation of dialysis [41].
• Peritoneal dialysis succeeded in lowering blood urea nitrogen and serum potassium levels, but the patient died on the fourth hospital day [42].
• Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in age, time from trauma to anuria, mean blood urea nitrogen or creatinine level prior to the first or to subsequent dialyses [43].

References