Disease relevance of KTN1

• No response to kinectin was detected in healthy volunteers, multiply transfused non-AA patients, or patients with other autoimmune diseases [1].
• Slot and Southern blot hybridizations showed the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-DNA sequences in CG1 cells [2].
• For nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CG1), leukemia (U937), oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB), and breast carcinoma (BC-M1) cells, the ID50 values of VK3 were 26, 15, 25, and 33 microM, respectively [3].
• Electron microscopic observation of established chondrocytes derived from human intervertebral disc hernia (KTN-1) and role of macrophages in spontaneous regression of degenerated tissues [4].

High impact information on KTN1

• This antibody bound to the cytoplasmic domain of kinectin, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that binds to kinesin [5].
• In this article, Janis Burkhardt discusses the evidence that the protein kinectin serves as a membrane receptor for kinesin, and describes how motor-receptor proteins may interact with other components of the motility machinery to generate regulated movement of membrane organelles [6].
• When cells were injected with CG1 or Fab fragments of CG1, fixed, and counter-stained with rabbit antibodies to reveal the microtubule, microfilament, and intermediate filament systems, no obvious differences from the patterns normally seen in uninjected cells were observed [7].
• In the present study, we used SSCP analysis to evaluate a series of patients belonging to CG1 for mutations in PEX1 and studied phenotype-genotype correlations [8].
• These results suggest that kinectin may be a candidate autoantigen that is involved in the pathophysiology of AA [1].

Biological context of KTN1

• The presence of coiled-coil domains in the resulting ktn1/ret fusion protein suggests ligand-independent dimerization and thus constitutive activation of the ret TK domain [9].
• A kinectin cDNA clone containing a 4.7-kilobase insert was isolated from an embryonic chick brain cDNA library by immunoscreening with a panel of monoclonal antibodies [10].
• Comparison of the ROCK-I and Kinectin sequences revealed a short region of sequence homology that is both required for interaction in the two-hybrid assay and sufficient for weak interaction in vitro [11].
• The combined data from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, northern blot analysis, double immunofluorescent staining, and immunogold electron microscopy suggest that kinesins and kinectin have an important role in microtubuli-based melanosome transport in human melanocytes [12].
• The CG-1 gene, a member of the kinectin and ES/130 family, maps to human chromosome band 14q22 [13].

Anatomical context of KTN1

• Interaction was confirmed by coprecipitation of kinectin with active RhoG(G12V) in COS-7 cells [14].
• Together the data suggest that kinectin is an integral membrane protein anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum via a transmembrane domain [15].
• These data, when combined with other studies, suggest a role for kinectin in organelle motility [16].
• In an attempt to gain insight into the subcellular distribution of kinesin and kinectin in melanocytes, double immunofluorescent staining and immunogold electron microscopy were performed [12].
• Similar observations for kinectin indicate that this receptor can colocalize with melanosomes, which was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy [12].

Associations of KTN1 with chemical compounds

• Integrin clustering induces kinectin accumulation [17].
• CG1 is composed of a gadolinium contrast agent core tethered to copper-selective recognition motif [18].
• Treatment of cells with diverse apoptotic stimuli including TNF, anti-Fas, anticancer drugs, gamma-radiation or ceramide leads to rapid proteolytic cleavage of the 160-kDa form of kinectin to a 120-kDa fragment [19].

Physical interactions of KTN1

• The minimal EF-1 delta-binding domain on kinectin resides within a conserved region present in all the kinectin isoforms [20].
• The kinectin-binding domain on the kinesin tail partially overlaps its head-binding domain and the myosin-Va binding domain [16].

Other interactions of KTN1

• Kinectin is a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity [14].
• We show that RhoG(GTP) specifically interacts with the central domain of kinectin, which also contains a RhoA binding domain in its C terminus [14].
• This report provides evidence of an alternative kinectin function as the membrane anchor for EF-1 delta on the endoplasmic reticulum and provides clues to the EF-1 complex assembly and anchorage on the endoplasmic reticulum [20].
• We investigated the in vitro expression of two forms of human conventional kinesin and its receptor kinectin in normal human epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and northern blot analysis [12].
• The protein designated here as CG-1 may exist as a homodimer destined for translocation to the nucleus, with a role in leukocyte differentiation and/or effector function [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of KTN1

• Monoclonal antibody CT-1 and anti-chicken kinectin antibodies cross-reacted both in Western blotting and immunoprecipitation with a 160-kDa protein, confirming the antigenic identity of this 160-kDa protein with chicken kinectin [15].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of human kinectin [15].
• Protein sequence analysis reveals that this approximately 160 kDa protein is kinectin [17].
• Assignment of the human kinectin gene (KTN1), encoding a kinesin-binding protein, to chromosome 14 band q22.1 by in situ hybridization [22].
• Epitope mapping of IgG autoantibodies against kinectin revealed that the responses to several of the epitopes were shared by different AA patients [1].

References