Disease relevance of PIWIL2

• We report here enhanced expression of the human Piwil2 gene in testicular seminomas, but not in testicular non-seminomatous tumors [1].
• Therefore, Piwil2 can be categorized as a novel member of cancer/testis antigens [1].
• Expression of the Piwil2 gene was also found in different tumors examined, including prostate, breast, gastrointestinal, ovarian and endometrial cancer of human and in breast tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and medulloblastoma of mouse [1].
• Many patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension demonstrate a right-to-left shunt, caused by development of anastomoses connecting the high-pressure periesophageal veins with the low-pressure bronchial and/or pulmonary veins at the level of the pulmonary hili [2].
• The normal distribution of lymph nodes in the pulmonary hili is diagrammatically shown, with a typical computed tomographic (CT) demonstration of hilar lymphadenopathy [3].

High impact information on PIWIL2

• A causal link between Piwil2 expression and inhibition of apoptosis and enhanced proliferation was demonstrated in cells expressing Piwil2 [1].
• Furthermore, results of soft agar assay indicated that Piwil2 overexpression induced transformation of fibroblast cells [1].
• To identify genes activated by Piwil2, RNA isolated from NIH-3T3 cells expressing constitutively Piwil2 were compared with RNA samples from control NIH-3T3 cells using a cancer gene array [1].
• In summary, our results demonstrate that Piwil2 is widely expressed in tumors and acts as an oncogene by inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation via Stat3/Bcl-X(L) signaling pathway [1].
• Both, mouse and human Piwil2 genes, members of the piwi gene family, are specifically expressed in testis [1].

Biological context of PIWIL2

• Administration of the galactose-based ultrasound contrast enhancer facilitated the assessment of hilar vessels, which projected to the echogenoic hili, respectively, actually additionally visualized a hilar vascularity in 10 of the 34 lymph nodes compared with conventional Doppler [4].
• The reduction in lung compliance may cause S-shaped distortion of the bronchovascular bundles of the lower lobes, displacement of the hili, blunting of the angle of the carina, curvature of the main bronchi and of the intrathoracic part of the trachea [5].

Anatomical context of PIWIL2

• Classic anatomical drawings of the pulmonary hili based on conventional 55 degrees posterior oblique tomograms must be modified to include the superior pulmonary veins, which can be more prominent in oblique projections than in anteroposterior views [6].
• We recorded the Doppler frequency spectra at the hili of the lymph nodes and then calculated the resistance and pulsatility indices (RI, PI) [7].
• The hili of the dentate nuclei abut on the superolateral recesses of the ventricle near the superior poles of the tonsils [8].
• In this preliminary study, NMR proved to be as useful as CT, or more so, in the evaluation of malignant disease of the hili and mediastinum [9].
• The location and orientation of the valves, the atrial chambers, venae cavae, and pulmonary hili were found to be the most critical information [10].

Associations of PIWIL2 with chemical compounds

• Within the pulmonary hili, lateral hilar masses were better defined on coronal images than were anterior or posterior hilar masses [11].
• Lidocaine concentrations in the hili of the left and right lungs were 10.9 mg/kg and 2.65 mg/kg, respectively, and 1.02 mg/L and 0.209 mg/L in the blood in the left and right ventricles of the heart, respectively [12].

Other interactions of PIWIL2

• In the present study, we have isolated full-length cDNA of S TRA8 and partial cDNAs of PIWIL2, FIGLA, TEX17, and TUBA7, and analyzed their expression patterns in human tissues [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PIWIL2

• Prior to the spiral CT, a single level through the renal hili and aorta was scanned after the intravenous injection of 25 ml of contrast given at 10 ml/s. Ten 1 s duration scans were performed from 8 to 30 s after injection [14].
• (4) Important information for patient care is more frequently obtained in patients with central lesions or peripheral lesions associated with abnormal hili or mediastinums [15].
• Chest irradiation to the primary tumors at both the hili and the mediastinum was administered in standard fractions on days 2-12 in the first cycle of chemotherapy and on days 29-47 in the second cycle, with a total dose of 40-50 Gy [16].
• Longitudinal study of the radiology of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. II. Emphysema and hili [17].
• The chest X-ray showed in 83.9% of the patients one of the following signs: pulmonary infarction, oligaemia, elevation of the diaphragm, enlargement of the hili, amputation of the hili, pleural effusion [18].

References