Disease relevance of Hypertension, Portal

• A randomized clinical trial of propranolol for the prevention of initial bleeding in cirrhosis with portal hypertension [1].
• End-to-side portacaval shunts were carried out in three children with the liver disease of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and complications of portal hypertension [2].
• This effect of propranolol might be useful in preventing recurrent bleeding due to ruptured oesophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension [3].
• Endogenous prostaglandin E2 in gastric mucosa of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension [4].
• There was an enhanced release of NO after long-term prostacyclin inhibition, suggesting that both vasodilatory systems interact, promoting splanchnic hyperemia in portal hypertension [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hypertension, Portal

• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prostacyclin and nitric oxide have been involved in the hyperkinetic syndrome in portal hypertension [5].
• Univariate analysis in the 146 cirrhotic patients showed that age greater than 60 yr, alcohol abuse, cardiomyopathy, skin pigmentation, portal hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and Child class B or C had significant negative prognostic value [6].
• In summary, despite continuous chronic alcohol drinking, pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and propranolol may prevent portal hypertension as well as reverse already established portal hypertension along with related liver disturbances [7].

High impact information on Hypertension, Portal

• We sought to establish the mechanism for the raised serum estrogen levels that occur in male rats with portal hypertension and resultant portal bypass [8].
• GRK2 makes trouble: a no-NO in portal hypertension [9].
• Angiotensin receptor antagonists in portal hypertension: fog over paradise [10].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 5-lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids may contribute to the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance of cirrhotic rat livers and therefore the pathogenesis of portal hypertension [11].
• Desensitization to the effects of intravenous octreotide in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hypertension, Portal

• Hyposensitivity to vasopressin in a hemorrhaged-transfused rat model of portal hypertension [13].
• Systemic prostacyclin in cirrhotic patients. Relationship with portal hypertension and changes after intestinal decontamination [14].
• Nitroglycerin in the treatment of portal hypertension [15].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nitric oxide is associated with hyperdynamic circulation and development of collaterals in portal hypertension [16].
• As the decrease in portal pressure is more predictable than the effect of previously tested pharmacologic agents, isosorbide dinitrate should be evaluated for its efficacy in the management of portal hypertension [17].

Biological context of Hypertension, Portal

• Portal pressure, arterial pressure, and regional and systemic blood flows were measured in a rat model of portal hypertension receiving placebo or vasopressin infusion [13].
• Continuous, oral administration of propranolol at doses which reduced the heart-rate by 25% produced a sustained decrease in portal venous pressure in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension [3].
• To explore further the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance observed in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, we studied a 35-year-old woman with presinusoidal portal hypertension without cirrhosis due to nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver [18].
• The present study investigated whether, in rats with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver induced by carbon tetrachloride, blood volume restitution following a hemorrhage produces an increase of portal pressure beyond control values, as observed in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension [19].
• Among the routine laboratory tests, decreased platelet count, increase in the ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), and prolonged prothrombin time are the earliest indicators of cirrhosis and portal hypertension [20].

Anatomical context of Hypertension, Portal

• The portal hypertension associated with vinyl chloride exposure is mainly presinusoidal in type, and may be attributed to an abnormality of the portal vein radicles, or hepatic sinusoids [21].
• The present study was performed primarily in order to determine whether gastric mucosa of rats with portal hypertension has different functional and histologic features when compared with controls, and second to quantitate and compare morphologic and functional changes after exposure to topical ethanol [22].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Endothelin (ET) 1 could be involved in the regulation of hepatic microcirculation and in the development of portal hypertension [23].
• By contrast, livers of idiopathic portal hypertension that are characterized by an increase in presinusoidal resistance displayed a significant decrease in the HO-1 expression in Kupffer cells, and its hepatocellular expression was not detectable [24].
• Using right-heart catheterization, we evaluated the acute pulmonary hemodynamic effects of intravenous epoprostenol in patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure [MPAP] >/=35 mm Hg) associated with clinical manifestations of portal hypertension [25].

Gene context of Hypertension, Portal

• Although factors involved in altered HO-1 expression in these cells remain unknown, the results suggest that Kupffer cells could alter their expression of HO-1 in response to local hemodynamic changes associated with chronic portal hypertension in humans [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that heme oxygenase plays an important (beneficial) role attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, but it also plays a detrimental role in stimulating VEGF production, and contributing to the development of hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in rats with portal hypertension [26].
• Pharmacological rationale for the use of somatostatin and analogues in portal hypertension [27].
• Specifically, the role of mediators that regulate mesenteric vascular hemodynamics in portal hypertension, such as nitric oxide and endothelin, have not been studied in the lung [28].
• CONCLUSION: In chronic portal hypertension, the main source for NO production depends on eNOS activity [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hypertension, Portal

• Glucagon hinders the effects of somatostatin on portal hypertension. A study in rats with partial portal vein ligation [30].
• Selective infusion of vasopressin (0.2 U per min) was performed in 8 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension who underwent umbilicoportal catheterization [31].
• Thus, it is suggested that in this patient, presinusoidal portal hypertension was secondary to chronic arsenical intake associated with marked intrahepatic vascular changes seen on portography [32].
• Acute reversible portal hypertension induced by hepatic vein constriction is associated with acute reversible retention of water and salt in the absence of changes in renal blood flow and creatinine clearance which only occur when the liver is involved and not with portal vein constriction [33].
• PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and performance of a recently developed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered nitinol stent-graft to create transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with portal hypertension and related complications [34].

References