Disease relevance of Pulmonary Embolism

• Heparin to prevent pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis [1].
• Sickle-cell trait, thalassemia, G-6-PD deficiency and puerperal pulmonary embolism [2].
• Major right atrial thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are common and potentially fatal complications of parenteral nutrition by long-term venous access in childhood [3].
• However, fatal events attributable to thromboembolism (fatal reinfarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism) were significantly less frequent in the heparin than in the control group (1 v 7, p less than 0.05) [4].
• We assessed the efficacy and safety of low-dose heparin in the prevention of hospital-acquired, clinically relevant, fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious diseases [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pulmonary Embolism

• The krypton procedure is preferred in pulmonary embolism suspects because it requires far less patient cooperation than the xenon and aerosol methods and the lung images disclose regional ventilatory impairment quickly and accurately [6].

High impact information on Pulmonary Embolism

• Our data also confirmed that low-molecular-weight heparin was as effective and safe as unfractionated heparin for the prevention of pulmonary embolism [7].
• Pulmonary embolism in a homocystinuric patient during treatment with dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid [8].
• High serum cholesterol levels (RR=1.1; 95% CI, 0.62-1.8) and diabetes (RR=0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.9) did not appear to be related to primary pulmonary embolism [9].
• DESIGN--An open, multicenter, dose-ranging study to assess the safety and pharmacokinetic characteristics of tissue-type plasminogen activator in deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism [10].
• Estrogen use in women was not associated with an increased frequency of pulmonary embolism, except in women using oral contraceptives who had undergone surgery within 3 months; four of five (80%) had emboli compared with four of 28 (14%) age-matched surgical patients not using estrogens (P less than .01) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pulmonary Embolism

• A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acute pulmonary embolism. The THESEE Study Group. Tinzaparine ou Heparine Standard: Evaluations dans l'Embolie Pulmonaire [12].
• Pulmonary embolism in a transsexual man taking diethylstilbestrol [13].
• There were 7 thromboembolic events (6 deep-vein thrombosis, 1 pulmonary embolism) in the placebo group and 1 (pulmonary embolism) in the warfarin group, a relative risk reduction of about 85% (p = 0.031) [14].
• Arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient as an indicator of silent pulmonary embolism [15].
• Pulmonary vascular effects of hydralazine in a canine preparation of pulmonary thromboembolism [16].

Biological context of Pulmonary Embolism

• It is thought to reflect increased thrombin activity and was seen in patients with pulmonary embolism, active systemic lupus erythematosus, renal transplant rejection, and after infusion of prothrombin concentrates [17].
• Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 suppresses endogenous fibrinolysis in a canine model of pulmonary embolism [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous UFH with dose adjusted by activated partial thromboplastin time by means of a weight-based algorithm is as effective and safe as fixed-dose nadroparin for the initial treatment of patients with VTE, including those with pulmonary embolism and recurrent VTE [19].
• When a marked decline in cardiac output complicates pulmonary embolism, norepinephrine may be an excellent drug for at least short-term maintenance of hemodynamic stability [20].
• Our objective was to test the effect of inhibition of thromboxane synthase versus inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/2 on pulmonary gas exchange and heart function during simulated pulmonary embolism (PE) in the rat [21].

Anatomical context of Pulmonary Embolism

• The precipitating cause of the BA/EMD arrest was coronary artery thrombosis or embolism in two patients, pulmonary embolism in one patient, hyperkalemia in two patients, and unexplained hypoglycemia in one patient [22].
• METHODS: Sixty-six patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism (Miller score > 17 and mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to receive either a 100-mg 2-h infusion of alteplase (n = 23) or 1.5 million IU of streptokinase over 2 h (n = 43) [23].
• In conclusion, pulmonary embolism is associated with alterations in lung surfactant and inflammation in lung tissue, expressed by an increase in PAF and in neutrophils [24].
• Kimray-Greenfield filters placed in the inferior vena cava have been shown effective for prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism from lower extremity or pelvic thrombi [25].
• The single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (SBDLCO) is heavily dependent on the status of the pulmonary microcirculation and is reduced in clinical pulmonary embolism [26].

Gene context of Pulmonary Embolism

• A major complication in CBS deficiency is deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism [27].
• We now report that Par3(-/-) mice were protected against ferric chloride-induced thrombosis of mesenteric arterioles and against thromboplastin-induced pulmonary embolism [28].
• PAIMS 2: alteplase combined with heparin versus heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Plasminogen activator Italian multicenter study 2 [29].
• The effect of alteplase versus heparin in pulmonary embolism has not been studied extensively with serial pulmonary angiograms [29].
• Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex levels in patients with pulmonary embolism [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pulmonary Embolism

• Data from a non-randomised study have hinted that in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), thrombolysis followed by heparin more rapidly reverses right-ventricular dysfunction and restores pulmonary tissue perfusion than does heparin alone [31].
• 15 patients in the control group and none in the heparin group were found at necropsy to have died due to acute massive fatal pulmonary embolism (P less than 0-001) [32].
• Chemokines accumulate in the lungs of rats with severe pulmonary embolism induced by polystyrene microspheres [33].
• CONCLUSIONS--Inferior vena cava filters appear to be effective in preventing recurrent pulmonary embolism [34].
• In massive pulmonary embolism, lysis of thrombi can be achieved faster with thrombolytic therapy than with conventional heparin therapy, but it is administered with great caution in elderly patients because the risk of bleeding is thought to be higher than in nonelderly patients [35].

References