Disease relevance of API5

• The features support the diagnosis of FIF rather than abdominal teratoma [1].
• Expression of the antiapoptosis gene, AAC-11, as a prognosis marker in non-small cell lung cancer [2].
• AAC-11 was preferentially expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (26.9% of squamous cell carcinoma vs. 7% of adenocarcinoma) [2].
• Expression of AAC-11 messenger RNA was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 94 non-small cell lung carcinomas and adjacent histologically normal lung samples [2].
• The ratio of midexpiratory flow (FEF 50) to midinspiratory flow (FIF 50) was greater than 1 in 6 of the sleep apnea patients (19%), 3 of the simple snorers (8%), and 2 of the nonsnorers (7%) [3].

High impact information on API5

• FIF [fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-interacting-factor], a nuclear putatively antiapoptotic factor, interacts specifically with FGF-2 [4].
• In contrast to the full-length FIF protein, several deletion constructs were able to transactivate a lac-Z reporter gene [4].
• In contrast, in adult human corneas the adrenergic nerves could be identified only with the SPG technique, whereas with FIF the identification of specific catecholamine fluoresence was not possible due to extensive collagen autofluorescence [5].
• The techniques included both sodium-potassium-glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence (SPG) and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence after freeze-drying (FIF) procedure [5].
• In fetal corneas the presence of adrenergic nerve fibers could be demonstrated by both SPG and FIF techniques [5].

Biological context of API5

• AAC-11 overexpression induces invasion and protects cervical cancer cells from apoptosis [6].
• AAC-11 gene transfection increased cervical cancer cell colonization [6].
• These results suggest that the molecular structure of FIF is very specific for the factor C activity [7].
• There was no relationship between AAC-11 gene expression and age, gender, N or T-status [2].
• FIF activity was lost following treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and neuraminidase and FIF could not be generated in the presence of inhibitors of glycosylation, suggesting that the molecule was a glycoprotein [8].

Anatomical context of API5

• Human fibroblast migration inhibitory factor (FIF) obtained from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated human lymphocytes was characterized by Sephadex gel filtration and by enzyme treatment [8].
• FIF could be removed by adsorption to human fibroblasts but not to PMN, monocytes, or red blood cells [8].
• The innervation of the liver and gallbladder of the lizard Podarcis hispanica has been studied by the following methods: a) demonstration of cholinesterase activity; b) FIF method for catecholamines; and c) immunohistochemistry for VIP [9].
• The innervation of Rana ridibunda esophagus myenteric plexuses has been studied by the following methods: demonstration of cholinesterase activity; FIF method for catecholamines; immunohistochemistry for VIP, SP and SOM, and conventional electron microscopy [10].
• The FIF method and electron microscopy were used to study SIF cells in the human sympathetic ganglia [11].

Associations of API5 with chemical compounds

• Nonregulated ethylbenzene was detected in one soil sample from API 4, one from API 5 and two from API 1 [12].
• We isolated an essential component (FIF) of factor C, and clarified its chemical structure as 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid, an alpha-ketol derivative of linolenic acid, which is formed via 9-hydroperoxy linolenic acid [7].
• Human FIF activity was significantly reduced in the presence of several sugars including alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, L-xylose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose, L-rhamnose but not L-fucose [8].
• Differential display reverse transcription-PCR revealed that fraxin upregulated antiapoptotic genes (clusterin and apoptosis inhibitor 5) and tumor suppressor gene (ST13) [13].

Other interactions of API5

• In cervical cancer cells transfected with AAC-11, the expression of beta-catenin was up-regulated [6].
• Between down regulated genes, API5, TUBB2 and TLK1 are also of considerable interest [14].
• We hypothesized that a novel apoptosis inhibitor gene, antiapoptosis clone 11 (AAC-11), may be expressed in tumors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and affect their clinical outcome [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of API5

• Molecular cloning and fine mapping of API5L1, a novel human gene strongly related to an antiapoptotic gene [15].
• Gel filtration revealed two peaks of FIF activity 15,000 and at 34,000 Da [8].
• 1--The innervation of the liver and gallbladder of Rana ridibunda has been studied by the following methods: (a) demonstration of cholinesterase activity; (b) FIF method for catecholamines; (c) immunohistochemistry for VIP and (d) electron microscopy [16].
• This case report highlights the use of prenatal MRI to confirm prenatal diagnosis of an intra-abdominal FIF to aid obstetricians, neonatologists, and pediatric general surgeons in perinatal and surgical management [17].

References