Disease relevance of Freeze Drying

• S3P and [2-13C]POP were bound to mutant or wild type E. coli forms of the enzyme prior to lyophilization [1].
• Attenuated, streptomycin-dependent Salmonella typhi oral vaccine: potential deleterious effects of lyophilization [2].
• When equal volumes of 6% lactose and a broth culture of Yersinia pestis were mixed before freezing, approximately 50% of the cells survived lyophilization and reconstitution on the following day [3].
• Involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids in the response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to freeze-drying [4].
• The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased tolerance to freeze-drying when dried in the presence of the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose [5].

High impact information on Freeze Drying

• The peptide is inactivated by heating above 60 degrees C, but recovers full catalytic activity upon cooling and lyophilization from acetic acid [6].
• Autoradiography of the stomach tissue was carried out by freeze-drying, embedding in Epon, wet-sectioning with ethylene glycol, and dry-mounting the emulsion film by the wire-loop method to prevent loss of the labeled substance [7].
• Second, the technique of freeze-drying molecules on mica (Heuser, J. E., 1983, J. Mol. Biol., 169:155-195) was modified to overcome the low affinity of mica in 2 mM MES, by pretreating the mica with polylysine [8].
• The general appearance and dimensions of heavy metal-free molecules were similar to those of shadowed myosin, either after freeze-drying without or air-drying with glycerol [9].
• After freeze-drying at -80 degrees C (a method that is superior to air-drying), shadowing with tantalum/tungsten, and image processing, structural details on both surfaces are portrayed in the range of 2 nm [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Freeze Drying

• A new method for the purification of Escherichia coli (A19) 30S ribosomal proteins has been developed that avoids the use of denaturing conditions such as urea, acetic acid, and lyophilization [11].
• The combination of antibody-mediated neutralization, cryoprecipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and lyophilization in the absence of sucrose resulted in a minimal reduction of 5.5 to 8.55 log10 in the infectivity of hepatitis A virus [12].
• We conclude that tissue preparation by cryofixation, freeze-drying, and direct embedding in Lowicryl K4M for immunoelectron microscopic localization of diffusible proteins, such as calsequestrin, is far superior to that obtained by chemical fixation, ethanol dehydration, and embedding in Lowicryl K4M [13].
• METHODS: Sodium indomethacin (SI) was subjected to lyophilization from aqueous solution, rapid precipitation from methanol solution, and dehydration followed by grinding to produce, in each case, a completely amorphous form [14].
• Urine collected during 24 h after treatment of rats with 90--550 mg/kg isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, INH) was after lyophilization, mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 [15].

Biological context of Freeze Drying

• The effects of freeze-drying ribonuclease from acid and alkaline solutions on plots of velocity versus substrate concentration for the hydrolysis of 2':3'-cyclic CMP are examined [16].
• The technique of freeze-drying was applied to examine the submicroscopic organisation of metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster after removal of bivalent cations with EDTA and removal of histone HI with 0,6 M NaCl [17].
• The most effective method for preparation of the porphyrin methyl esters prior to chromatography was found to be lyophilization of the culture medium prior to esterification with 5% sulphuric acid in methanol [18].
• X-ray absorption spectroscopy of soybean lipoxygenase-1. Influence of lipid hydroperoxide activation and lyophilization on the structure of the non-heme iron active site [19].
• In this study, porous chitosan/collagen scaffolds were prepared through a freeze-drying process, and loaded with plasmid and adenoviral vector encoding human transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) [20].

Anatomical context of Freeze Drying

• Tibial dyschondroplastic (TD) lesions and their associated growth plates, obtained from chickens, were prepared by freeze-drying and embedding in an anhydrous epoxy resin [21].
• Conversely, epididymal spermatozoa were damaged by freeze-drying if first treated with dithiothreitol (DTT), which reduces -SS- bonds [22].
• The toxin located in the bacterial cell wall was relatively stable, in that activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin, pronase, CHCl3-CH3OH-water, Triton X-100, 8 M urea (30 min), heat (80 degrees C, 12 min), sonication, refrigeration, lyophilization, or freezing [23].
• The effects of freeze-drying and ethylene oxide sterilization on the mechanical properties of human patellar tendon [24].
• Second, MS-TGFs were seeded onto the porous chitosan scaffold, prepared by the freeze-drying method, to observe the effect on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes [25].

Associations of Freeze Drying with chemical compounds

• This effect of lyophilization permits a unique opportunity for investigating the relationship between histidine ring dynamics and catalytic activity [26].
• After lyophilization, the 12,000 x g pellet converted the sterol into C19 androgens and corticosteroids, in addition to C21O2 pregnane derivatives [27].
• No enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt were altered during lyophilization [28].
• Electron microscopy showed that after removal of deoxycholate and lyophilization of the vesicle extract, new vesicles were reconstituted, often with multiple membrane layers [29].
• The method involves lyophilization of LDL in the presence of sucrose as protective agent and gives an N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate-LDL complex containing about 100 drug molecules per LDL particle [30].

Gene context of Freeze Drying

• A few experiments examining lyophilization effects on steroid receptors from human breast biopsies did note some diminution of the 8S form of both ER and PgR following lyophilization, although this effect was variable in extent [31].
• By lyophilization from 40% acetic acid solutions, bovine ribonuclease A forms several types of three-dimensional domain-swapped oligomers: dimers, trimers, tetramers, and higher order multimers [32].
• Extensive oligomerization of the decorin protein core was observed only after dialysis against water and freeze-drying [33].
• Dry, excipient-free recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) powder was prepared by lyophilization from ammonium bicarbonate solution [34].
• RESULTS: Mass ratios of sucrose to raffinose did not affect the recovery of G6PDH activity after freeze-drying, but significantly affected the stability of freeze-dried G6PDH during storage [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Freeze Drying

• The approach involves 7 operations including: i) immobilization; ii) washing; iii) modification; iv) washing; v) sorting of the papers; vi) piperidine reaction and chemical elution and vii) lyophilization [36].
• One unexpected finding during subunit purification was that lyophilization of glycoproteins from trifluoroacetic acid HPLC buffers may result in the loss of a significant portion of sialic acid [37].
• Orotic acid is first separated by an anion-exchange separative procedure; after lyophilization, the product is subjected to "high-pressure" liquid chromatography for further separation and detection [38].
• Extracted tissue phospholipid 31P NMR profiles, obtained from individual porcine lenses subjected to two preservation procedures (acetone desiccation and freeze-drying) and a perchloric acid-extraction procedure, were compared to those from freshly excised lens specimens [39].
• Western blotting of muscle fibres isolated by collagenase treatment or after freeze-drying demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), with the concentrations in soleus and diaphragm being more than four times the concentrations in extensor digitorum longus and epitrochlearis muscles [40].

References