Disease relevance of Prediabetic State

• Based on those data, we estimated that in the year 2000, 9.1 million overweight adults aged 45-74 had IGT, 5.8 million had IFG, 11.9 million had prediabetes, and 3.0 million had IGT and IFG [1].
• Interestingly, the overall phenotype of Y1 knockouts mimics metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by obesity, a prediabetic state, and a susceptibility to develop hypertension [2].
• Soluble P-selectin and CD40L levels in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [3].
• DiaPep277, a 24-amino acid peptide based on residues 437 to 460 of heat shock protein 60, is undergoing phase II clinical trials by DeveloGen for the potential treatment and prevention of established and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes symptoms of the prediabetic state and of latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult [4].
• Earlier diagnosis at the stage of impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) and intervention may have a positive outcome on stabilization of the vulnerable islet and beta cell as well as the multiple diabetic complications [5].

High impact information on Prediabetic State

• This association suggests the abnormal expression of receptor isoforms as a characteristic of the prediabetic state and supports the notion of a connection of this aberration with the pathogenesis of NIDDM [6].
• The 65KD isoform of GAD is considered to be a major target autoantigen in many humans with autoimmune prediabetes or diabetes [7].
• In marked contrast, the degree of CD4/CD8 depression found in individuals with prediabetes or long-term diabetes failed to correlate with either CIAA (r = 0.32) or ICA (r = 0.29) levels [8].
• Despite the persistent enhancement of glucose transport rate, concentration of glucose transporters in the intracellular pool was restored only to its prediabetic state [9].
• One hallmark of the insulin-resistant state of prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes is an impaired ability of insulin to activate glucose transport in skeletal muscle, due to defects in IRS-1-dependent signaling [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Prediabetic State

• It is postulated that the genetic prediabetic state with or without glucose intolerance might be associated with significant alterations of mean retinal circulation time independent of age and per cent ideal weight [11].
• Thus, arginine induced hyperglucagonemia could not be identified as a characteristic of the prediabetic state in Pima Indians [12].
• OBJECTIVE--To investigate the effect of an antiedematous therapy with the histamine antagonist ketotifen on beta-cell function in late prediabetes [13].
• To test the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium is associated with impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes, we examined the associations between urinary cadmium and the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes) and diabetes in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) [14].
• Current prevention strategies use a combination of autoantibody marker testing and beta-cell function testing to identify individuals with 'prediabetes'. The most useful autoantibodies for prediabetes screening include islet cell autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and IA-2 autoantibodies [15].

Biological context of Prediabetic State

• Our results suggest that low adiponectin levels, insulin resistance and low beta cell function predict the continuous deterioration of glucose tolerance in early prediabetic states, independent of changes in adiposity [16].
• Subjects with both obesity and high BP showed greater expression of lipid and glucose abnormalities, higher urinary albumin excretion, and greater prevalence of prediabetes, undetected type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance syndrome [17].
• By subcutaneously-administered acetylcholine at 3 and 10 mg/kg the pulse rate was increased in the prediabetic state, whereas it was decreased in the diabetic state [18].
• Postpartum oral glucose tolerance tests in mothers of macarosomic infants: inadequacy of current antenatal test criteria in detecting prediabetic state [19].
• Genetics and beta-cell behaviour are considered during prediabetes in human and experimental models of IDDM and NIDDM [20].

Anatomical context of Prediabetic State

• The estimation of CD25 antigen expression in the peripheral blood lymphocytes could be an additional immunological marker of identification of subjects in prediabetes [21].
• B-cell hyperresponsiveness to glucose in NIDDM during prediabetes [22].

Gene context of Prediabetic State

• Effect of rosiglitazone on plasma adiponectin levels and arterial stiffness in subjects with prediabetes or non-diabetic metabolic syndrome [23].
• We previously reported that a decreased TCR mediated activity of the GTP-GDP binding p21ras protooncogene is associated with prediabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice [24].
• Low SES was not related to prediabetes (IFG, IGT), whereas CRP was significantly associated with diabetes precursors [25].
• In this article, we review the existing literature on the effectiveness of PPAR-gamma agonists in patients with either overt diabetes or a prediabetic state [26].
• Glucagon secretion in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes mellitus and obesity [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Prediabetic State

• DESIGN AND METHODS: Ninety-nine subjects with prediabetes or non-diabetic MetS were randomly assigned to either rosiglitazone or an untreated control group (50 and 49 subjects respectively) [23].
• It may, as has previously been shown in animal models of 'prediabetes', delay the progressive decline in glucose tolerance to NIDDM [28].
• Preliminary data from a multicenter study of diet and exercise in prediabetes (the Impaired Glucose Tolerance Neuropathy Study) suggests a diet and exercise counseling regimen based on the Diabetes Prevention Program results in improved metabolic measures and small fiber function [29].
• There is mounting evidence from experimental animal diabetes and from human epidemiological studies that a long period of "prediabetes" precedes the clinical onset of type 1 (Insulin Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus [30].
• MATERIAL/METHODS: In a cross sectional study, we measured adiponectin and insulin in addition to fasting lipid panel and glucose in 28 subjects with prediabetes, 28 subjects with normal fasting glucose and 33 subjects with type 2 diabetes [31].

References