Disease relevance of Middle Ear Ventilation

• CONCLUSIONS: In children younger than three years of age who have persistent otitis media, prompt insertion of tympanostomy tubes does not measurably improve developmental outcomes at the age of three years [1].
• Thus it is likely that the intraoperative administration of antibiotic eardrops mixed with 4% lidocaine is all that is required to alleviate postoperative pain in children undergoing myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement [2].
• The patients received 3 doses of 3 mg of trimethoprim and 5 mg of sulfadiazine per kg body weight before tympanostomy, the last dose being given 80-270 min (mean 142 min) prior to operation [3].
• A study of the complications of grommet insertion for secretory otitis media in the presence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [4].

High impact information on Middle Ear Ventilation

• Subjects who had tympanostomy tube surgery for COME/ROM (probands) and their families were recruited for the present study, and an ear examination was performed, without knowledge of the subject's history, to determine presence of OM sequelae [5].
• Oral prednisolone is an effective adjuvant therapy for acute otitis media with discharge through tympanostomy tubes [6].
• STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, children with acute discharge (<48 hours) through tympanostomy tubes received either prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d; n = 23) or placebo (n = 27) for 3 days [6].
• OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness hreshold of a ciprofloxacin 0.3% and dexamethasone 0.1% (CD) otic suspension relative to olfloxacin otic solution (OFX) for the treatment of acute otitis media in pediatric patients with tympanostomy tubes (AOMT) [7].
• Ofloxacin applied topically in children with tympanostomy tubes in place and purulent otorrhea is as efficacious as oral amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Middle Ear Ventilation

• The average rate of new episodes per child year of either acute otitis media or otorrhea was 0.60 in the amoxicillin group, 1.08 in the placebo group and 1.02 in the tympanostomy tube group (amoxicillin vs. placebo, P less than 0.001; tubes vs. placebo, P = 0.25) [9].
• In a high-risk group of children with tympanostomy tubes xylitol was ineffective in preventing otitis [10].
• CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial biofilms form on the middle-ear mucosa of chinchillas in experimentally induced H. influenzae otitis media and can form on tympanostomy tubes placed in children's ears [11].

Biological context of Middle Ear Ventilation

• DESIGN--Analysis of routine 1990 NHS data on grommet insertions and tonsillectomies in Scottish children aged 0-15 years compared with data on general practitioner and otolaryngology services and Carstairs deprivation scores [12].

Anatomical context of Middle Ear Ventilation

• Adverse drug reactions occurred in 7.0% of the amoxicillin group and persistent tympanic membrane perforations developed in 3.9% of the tympanostomy tube group [9].
• Impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Prevnar) on middle ear fluid in children undergoing tympanostomy tube insertion [13].
• Seven animals had a mixture of green dye and Cortisporin otic suspension placed in both external auditory canals 24 hours following the placement of tympanostomy tubes and were sacrificed 30 minutes later for gross examination; 3 of these animals had previous eustachian tube obstruction with Silastic sponge [14].

Associations of Middle Ear Ventilation with chemical compounds

• At the 2-year end point, the rate of attrition was 42.2% in the amoxicillin group, 45.5% in the placebo group and 26.7% in the tympanostomy tube group [9].
• A course of prednisone for 7 days plus TMP/SMZ for 30 days with monthly follow-up should be considered in children with MEE persisting beyond 6-8 weeks before referral for tympanostomy tube placement [15].
• Five of 35 (14%) patients treated with prednisone plus TMP/SMZ and one of six (17%) patients treated with TMP/SMZ alone who had complete resolution at 4 weeks required subsequent referrals for tympanostomy tubes [15].
• RESULTS: Topical ciprofloxacin application after tympanostomy tube insertion was associated with a significantly lower incidence of early posttympanostomy otorrhea [16].
• CONCLUSION: The use of phenylephrine following tympanostomy tube insertion greatly reduces the incidence of tube obstruction [17].

Gene context of Middle Ear Ventilation

• TGF-beta1 levels were elevated in association with a history of previous tympanostomy tube placements (TTPs) (P = .029) and mucoid effusions (P = .042) [18].
• Children undergoing tympanostomy on multiple occasions had average MEE TNF levels (234.2 +/- 109.1 pg/mg total protein) that were nearly 14 times higher (P less than .005) than those from children undergoing their first tympanostomy (16.9 +/- 3.0 pg/mg total protein) [19].
• PATIENTS: Seventeen children with MRSA otorrhea after bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion (BM&T) and 19 age- and sex-matched control subjects who demonstrated MSSA otorrhea [20].
• The levels of cathepsin B activity and alpha-2-macroglobulin during the course of clinical therapies (myringotomy and tympanostomy tubing) were analyzed in 10 chronic OME cases where follow-up evaluation was possible [21].
• As an initial test of this hypothesis, EGF and TGF-alpha concentrations were measured in 82 middle ear effusions of children undergoing tympanostomy tube placement [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Middle Ear Ventilation

• Subjects with mucoid or purulent effusions or blood at the myringotomy site at surgery were treated with topical antibiotic prophylaxis (sulfacetamide sodium-prednisolone acetate or neomycin sulfate-polymyxin B sulfate-hydrocortisone) for 5 days after tympanostomy tube placement [23].
• We measured blood levels of fatty acids, vitamin A, and trace metals in children undergoing ambulatory surgery for placement of tympanostomy tubes and a comparison group having other ambulatory surgical procedures [24].

References