Disease relevance of Hyperoxaluria

• The lack of a direct relation between fecal fat excretion and urinary oxalate excretion in the patients with hyperoxaluria and steatorrhea suggests that steatorrhea, although important, is not the only determinant in the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria [1].
• BACKGROUND: Patients with cystic fibrosis have an increased risk of hyperoxaluria, and of subsequent nephrocalcinosis and calcium-oxalate urolithiasis [2].
• The impact of erythrocyte oxalate transport anomaly, gender, familial occurrence of nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria on stone recurrence by both bivariate and multivariate analysis of frequencies was assessed [3].
• Increased absorption of oxalate can lead to multiple complications associated with hyperoxaluria, especially recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis [4].
• Pyridoxamine lowers kidney crystals in experimental hyperoxaluria: a potential therapy for primary hyperoxaluria [5].

High impact information on Hyperoxaluria

• Slc26a6-null mice have significant hyperoxaluria and elevation in plasma oxalate concentration that is greatly attenuated by dietary oxalate restriction [6].
• Our findings suggest that the degree of hyperoxaluria in this disorder may be only slight or moderate if the patient has been ingesting a pyridoxine-rich diet or multivitamin tablets containing small amounts of pyridoxine [7].
• Thus, the colon is both the site of and required for increased oxalate absorption in enteric hyperoxaluria [1].
• All seven CF patients colonised with O. formigenes had normal urinary oxalate levels, but 19 (53%) of 36 patients not colonised with O. formigenes were hyperoxaluric, with the most severe hyperoxaluria occurring in young patients [2].
• The high urinary oxalate excretion in phosphate-supplemented XLH may be seen as a special type of enteric hyperoxaluria, in which the conditions of calcium-oxalate crystal precipitation could be reached even at normal levels of urinary calcium excretion [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hyperoxaluria

• Pyridoxine treatment of type 1 hyperoxaluria [9].
• Letter: Vitamin-C-induced hyperoxaluria [10].
• Already after 1 d of treatment, both concentrations of ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and CaOx crystalluria [11].
• OPN synthesis and production increased with hyperoxaluria but to a lesser extent in candesartan-treated hyperoxaluric rats [12].
• Effect of sodium chenodeoxycholate on oxalate absorption from the excluded human colon--a mechanism for 'enteric' hyperoxaluria [13].

Biological context of Hyperoxaluria

• We tested the hypothesis of whether oxaluria can be reduced by means of reducing intestinal absorption through feeding a mixture of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria [14].
• Hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, gouty diathesis and high sulfate levels were equally represented among all ethnic groups [15].
• Lipid peroxidation in ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis [16].
• AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in renal hemodynamic and urodynamic parameters in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate challenge [17].
• Expression of nuclear pore complex oxalate binding protein p62 in experimental hyperoxaluria [18].

Anatomical context of Hyperoxaluria

• Detection of O. formigenes in the gastrointestinal tract has attracted attention because the absence of this bacterium appears to be a risk factor for development of hyperoxaluria and/or recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stone disease [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Since high concentrations of oxalate can be toxic to renal epithelial cells, hyperoxaluria may contribute to several forms of renal disease including both calcium stone disease and end-stage renal disease [19].
• Effect of gamma-glutamyl carboxylation of renal microsomes on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal binding in hyperoxaluria [20].
• Renal tubular epithelium is the major target for oxalate induced injury, and sustained hyperoxaluria together with CaOx crystal formation/deposition may induce renal tubular cell damage and/or dysfunction [21].
• Combined liver-kidney transplantation are beneficial for hyperoxaluria type I, and dietary therapy and bone marrow transplantation appear to benefit patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy [22].

Gene context of Hyperoxaluria

• To determine the importance of OPN in vivo, hyperoxaluria was induced in mice targeted for the deletion of the OPN gene together with wild-type control mice [23].
• Hyperoxaluria is discussed relative to mutations in AGXT and GRHPR [24].
• Application of this procedure in a recently developed Agxt-gene-deleted mouse model of PH1 resulted in marked amelioration of hyperoxaluria [25].
• Partial deletion of the AGXT gene (EX1_EX7del): A new genotype in hyperoxaluria type 1 [26].
• Studies have suggested possible mechanisms for the association, including hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, primary defects in calcium handling caused by mutation of the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR), hypocitraturia, and lack of colonization with O formigenes, an enteric oxalate-degrading bacterium [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hyperoxaluria

• Complex pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass surgery. Oxalogenic substances in diet contribute to urinary oxalate [28].
• 6. Living donor liver transplantation for metabolic disorders like Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency, Hyperoxaluria, and others cannot be recommended at present since the genetically related donor and the patient may carry an unknown risk [29].
• Measurements of oxalate in haemodialysate and plasma are valuable in cases where kidney transplantations are considered, especially when the particular patient exhibits hyperoxaluria [30].
• Since urinary oxalate excretion increased significantly, a vegetarian diet without adequate intake of calcium may not be recommended to patients with mild hyperoxaluria [31].
• Whereas renal function of the ethylene glycol-poisoned patient recovered, the second patient who received xylitol infusion required chronic hemodialysis due to the unmasked hyperoxaluria type 1 [32].

References