Disease relevance of Jejunoileal Bypass

• The occurrence of cholesterol malabsorption and its role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism were studied in 30 patients with an earlier gut resection and 9 patients with a jejunoileal bypass for treatment of obesity [1].
• Alterations of hepatic triglyceride in patients before and after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity [2].
• Symptomatic osteomalacia after jejunoileal bypass surgery in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. A study of the change in bone morphology and vitamin D metabolites before and during treatment [3].
• Although D-lactate is not a product of human intermediary metabolism, absorption of D-lactate produced by abnormal intestinal bacteria can cause systemic acidosis in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, particularly jejunoileal bypass [4].
• The definable causes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) include jejunoileal bypass surgery (JIB), other causes of rapid and profound weight loss in obese subjects, total parenteral nutrition, drugs, industrial toxins, copper toxicity, and disorders characterized by extreme insulin resistance [5].

High impact information on Jejunoileal Bypass

• Fractional cholesterol absorption varied from 0.1% to 70%, and was lowest in jejunoileal bypass (8.3%) associated with severe fat and moderate bile acid malabsorptions and in 15 patients with a long small-intestinal resection (20.4%) associated with severe bile acid and moderate fat malabsorption [1].
• After injections of azoxymethane, either 85% end-to-side jejunoileal bypass, 85% jejunoileal resection, or sham bypass was performed [6].
• Balance studies and oxalate loading tests were carried out in order to define the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria in 8 patients with jejunoileal bypass surgery for severe obesity; two healthy volunteers were also studied [7].
• Acetaldehyde, liver injury, and jejunoileal bypass [8].
• Changes in plasma carnitine levels after jejunoileal bypass [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Jejunoileal Bypass

• Bile salt metabolism following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity [10].
• Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance [11].
• Patients with ileal disease, ileal resection, and jejunoileal bypass are at increased risk of forming calcium oxalate renal calculi because of enhanced absorption of dietary oxalate [12].
• Since ethanol was detected in the serum in only small concentrations and in only one-third of the patients, it is unlikely that ethanol production by bacteria in the intestine is of significance in the pathogenesis of liver disease following jejunoileal bypass [13].
• We performed intraoperative papillary biopsies from kidneys of idiopathic-calcium oxalate (CaOx), intestinal bypass for obesity, brushite (BR) and cystine stone formers (SF) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy [14].

Biological context of Jejunoileal Bypass

• Bile salt pool size and kinetics were evaluated in 8 morbidly obese women before and following jejunoileal bypass [10].
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), concentration of total cortisol in plasma, and urinary excretion rate of free cortisol were determined in five females 1-5 years after jejunoileal bypass operation for obesity [15].
• Thus in eight of the 20 patients following jejunoileal bypass, there was an undesirable loss of BCM with a relative expansion of extracellular supporting component of body composition, a pattern characteristic of malnutrition [16].
• Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) before and after a jejunoileal bypass operation in obese patients with reference to appetite regulation [17].
• Intestinal absorption of oxalate and calcium in patients with jejunoileal bypass [18].

Anatomical context of Jejunoileal Bypass

• Cholesterol content was measured in biopsy specimens of mesenteric artery taken at the time of jejuno-ileal bypass from 4 very obese patients aged 19, 22, 27, and 42 [19].
• Gallbladder bile was aspirated and analyzed for content of bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids in 97 patients undergoing jejunoileal bypass [20].
• Expressed jejunal reductase activity was significantly higher in celiac sprue mucosa and mucosa from defunctionalized intestine of jejunoileal bypass patients [21].
• Weight reduction in obese subjects following a jejuno-ileal bypass resulted in a significant but transient increase in adipose tissue cholesterol [22].
• The patients operated with a biliointestinal shunt had a significantly higher excretion of oxalate than those with the other two types of operation, indicating that variations in the anatomy of the small intestine after jejunoileal bypass might result in different absorption of oxalate or oxalate precursors [23].

Associations of Jejunoileal Bypass with chemical compounds

• Changes in plasma apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B, and lipoprotein cholesterol after jejunoileal bypass [24].
• Intestinal bypass and urine oxalate [25].
• Isoniazid and ethambutol absorption with jejunoileal bypass [26].
• Plasma glucose levels remained normal in all patients, including four patients who had been clinically diabetic before jejunoileal bypass [27].
• In 33 patients who had jejunoileal bypass, 16 reported symptoms consistent with D-lactate encephalopathy since surgery [4].

Gene context of Jejunoileal Bypass

• Jejunoileal bypass changes the duodenal cholecystokinin and somatostatin cell density [28].
• Normal plasminogen activator inhibitor levels at long-term follow-up after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery in morbidly obese individuals [29].
• Circulating immunoreactivities of gastrin, glucagon and VIP after jejuno-ileal bypass [30].
• The blunted GH release is reversed by a surgical intestinal bypass procedure [31].
• The possible pancreatic origin of intestinal kallikrein was studied in a jejuno-ileal bypass model in the rat [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Jejunoileal Bypass

• The two patients whose jejunoileal bypass was reversed at the time of liver transplantation had lower alkaline phosphatase, lower creatinine, higher albumin, and higher cholesterol, and were more obese than their counterparts with intact bypasses [33].
• Home total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant diabetic after jejunoileal bypass for obesity [34].
• Immunofluorescence microscopy disclosed linear staining of tubular basement membranes with antisera to IgG and C3, which suggests antitubular basement membrane disease, a side effect not previously recognized with jejunoileal bypass [35].
• In a group of eight obese subjects, operated on with jejunoileal bypass 2-5 years ago, the postprandial plasma PP release tended to be higher than in an age-matched control group, the difference, however, being significant at 15 min. only [36].
• Thus, the AST is more useful than the aminopyrine breath test in reflecting increased pericentral fibrosis, steatonecrosis, and cirrhosis following jejunoileal bypass [37].

References