Disease relevance of Glyoxysomes

• E. coli isocitrate lyase, like the enzyme from other prokaryotes, is located in the cytoplasm, whereas in plants, protozoa, algae and fungi this enzyme is found localized in glyoxysomes [1].

High impact information on Glyoxysomes

• Six uncommon (and as yet unidentified) fatty acids constituted the majority (51%) of both the free fatty acids and the fatty acids in TAGs of glyoxysome membranes; the same six uncommon fatty acids were less than 7% of the acyl constituents in TAGs extracted from cotton-seed storage lipid bodies [2].
• Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) constituted a major portion of glyoxysome membrane phospholipids (together 61% by weight) [2].
• During the first 4 or 5 d, glyoxylate cycle enzymes accumulate in microbodies called glyoxysomes [3].
• Etiolated cotyledons of both ped1 and ped2 mutants have glyoxysomes with abnormal morphology [4].
• Oilseed isocitrate lyases lacking their essential type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal are piggybacked to glyoxysomes [5].

Biological context of Glyoxysomes

• We conclude that glyoxysome biogenesis is regulated in part through the coordinate expression of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase genes [6].
• Immuno-inhibition of phosphorylation in glyoxysomes suggested that GPK1 phosphorylates a 40-kDa protein [7].
• The expression of APX3 in tobacco could protect leaves from oxidative stress damage caused by aminotriazole which inhibits catalase activity that is found mainly in glyoxysomes and peroxisomes and leads to accumulation of H2O2 in those organelles [8].
• These included citrate synthase, which is known to be targeted to mitochondria, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes, and luminal binding protein, which is an ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-resident protein [9].

Anatomical context of Glyoxysomes

• By localizing deletion and fusion derivatives of IL, we showed that the polypeptide's carboxyl terminus is both necessary for its transport to peroxisomes and sufficient to redirect a passenger protein from the cytosol to both glyoxysomes and leaf-type peroxisomes [10].
• Both were capable of ATP-dependent import, whereas a fusion protein consisting of the cytosolic protein dihydrofolate reductase linked to the last 20 amino acids of glycolate oxidase bound to glyoxysomes but did not enter the organelle [11].
• Processing of malate synthase, assumed to be a requisite for oligomerization, took place rapidly in the glyoxysomes, but proceeded only slowly in the cytosol [12].
• Nicotinamide cofactors (NAD and NADP) in glyoxysomes, mitochondria, and plastids isolated from castor bean endosperm [13].
• 4. Transfer of isocitrate lyase synthesized in vitro into isolated glyoxysomes is suggested by results of experiments in which supernatants from reticulocyte lysates are incubated with a particle fraction isolated from acetate-grown cells [14].

Associations of Glyoxysomes with chemical compounds

• Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a carboxyl tail-anchored, type II (N(cytosol)-C(matrix)) integral membrane protein that functions in the regeneration of NAD(+) in glyoxysomes of germinated oilseeds and protection of peroxisomes in other organisms from toxic H(2)O(2) [15].
• Ascorbate peroxidase. A prominent membrane protein in oilseed glyoxysomes [16].
• NADPH is a specific inhibitor of protein import into glyoxysomes [17].
• The expression pattern of cat1 was similar to that of malate synthase, a characteristic enzyme of glyoxysomes [18].
• Alternative system of succinate oxidation in glyoxysomes of higher plants [19].

Gene context of Glyoxysomes

• The temporal and spatial expression patterns of AtACX3 during development and in various tissues were similar to those of the AtSACX and other genes expressed in glyoxysomes [20].
• Immunoblot analysis using fractions collected on a Percoll density gradient confirmed that GPK1 is localized in glyoxysomes [7].
• In addition to the chaperones located at the surface of glyoxysomes, two isoforms of Hsp70 and one soluble form of DnaJ protein were detected in the glyoxysomal matrix [21].
• Each of the four populations exhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and contained mitochondrial DNA and cardiolipin; plastid and glyoxysome content were found to be relatively low [22].
• Dihydrofolate reductase, a cytoplasmic protein, neither bound to nor imported into the glyoxysomes [23].

References