Disease relevance of Kidney Tubules

• Induction of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 in kidney tubule cells affects the course of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure [1].
• Decreased renal potassium excretion secondary to these direct effects on kidney tubules leads to hyperkalemia in a substantial number of patients being treated with trimethoprim-containing drugs [2].
• Identification of a 400-kd protein in the brush borders of human kidney tubules that is similar to gp330, the nephritogenic antigen of rat Heymann nephritis [3].
• During chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA), the plasma levels of glutamine are increased and so is glutamine metabolism in the kidney tubule cells [4].
• Cisplatin reduced body weight gain and spleen weight during treatment and was much more toxic than NAMI-A on liver sinusoids, kidney tubules, and lung epithelium [5].

High impact information on Kidney Tubules

• We show that the mouse ortholog Nphp3 is expressed in the node, kidney tubules, retina, respiratory epithelium, liver, biliary tract and neural tissues [6].
• TRPM6 is expressed in intestinal epithelia and kidney tubules [7].
• The omega-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid generates significant levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in numerous tissues, particularly the vasculature and kidney tubules [8].
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common human genetic disease characterized by cyst formation in kidney tubules and other ductular epithelia [9].
• Regulation of the costimulator B7, not class II major histocompatibility complex, restricts the ability of murine kidney tubule cells to stimulate CD4+ T cells [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Kidney Tubules

• Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal disease caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A, which results in the storage of the sphingolipid 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) in, e.g., oligodendrocytes and distal tubule kidney cells [11].
• Toxicity of chloroacetaldehyde is similar in adult and pediatric kidney tubules [12].
• It is postulated that patients with Friedreich's Ataxia lack normal regulation of the high affinity-low capacity uptake system for taurine (the TH system) in the brush border of kidney tubules [13].
• The data presented indicate that diuresis reduces the severity of gallium-induced renal lithiasis and subsequent renal accumulation of gallium by diluting the urinary concentration of gallium and calcium thereby lowering the incidence of interaction of these two elements within the kidney tubule [14].
• Glucose production, pyruvate uptake and lactate production were taken as metabolic viability tests for isolated rat kidney tubules preserved in hypothermia [15].

Biological context of Kidney Tubules

• Expression studies in human embryonic kidney cells reveal that shark kidney senses combinations of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Na(+) ions at concentrations present in seawater and kidney tubules [16].
• [Leu]enkephalin stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in isolated hepatocytes and kidney tubule fragments by interaction with angiotensin II receptors [17].
• 1. Addition of 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) to suspensions of isolated rat kidney tubules increased extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at concn. which did not markedly affect gluconeogenesis [18].
• (R,S)- and (R)-3-Bromopropan-1,2-diol (alpha-bromohydrin) produced diuresis and glucosuria when administered to male rats but had no effect on the metabolic activity of rat kidney tubules in vitro [19].
• However, minor kidney histopathology indicated by increased pyknotic nuclei in kidney tubule and interstitial (hematopoietic) cells was detected at lower estrogenic exposures (>/=10 microg/l NP nominal) than delayed gametogenesis [20].

Anatomical context of Kidney Tubules

• The data suggest that the recognition of E8 cell-binding site of laminin by a specific integrin is crucial for the formation of kidney tubule epithelium from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells [21].
• High levels of 2ar expression are also seen in the bone marrow-derived granulated metrial gland cells of the deciduum and placenta, and in a number of epithelial tissues, including embryonic and postnatal kidney tubules, uterine epithelium and sensory epithelium of the embryonic ear [22].
• CHIP28 morphology was examined by freeze-fracture EM in proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified CHIP28, CHO cells stably transfected with CHIP28k cDNA, and rat kidney tubules [23].
• Only some of the GPIIIa MoAbs reacted with cells other than platelets, megakaryocytes, or HEL cells, and these showed focal adhesion sites in cultured human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells from normal kidney tubules [24].
• In addition, the levels of several beta-dystrobrevin-interacting proteins, namely Dp71 isoforms and the syntrophins, were greatly reduced from the basal membranes of kidney tubules and liver sinusoids and on Western blots of crude kidney and liver microsomes of beta-dystrobrevin-deficient mice [25].

Associations of Kidney Tubules with chemical compounds

• Initial experiments indicated an active hexose transport capacity, a property thought to be restricted in mammals to intestinal villi and kidney tubules [Baly, D. L. & Horuk, R. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 947, 571-590] [26].
• Distribution of calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity along the rabbit kidney tubule [27].
• Based on the chemistry of platinum-sulfur interactions and the observed time-dependence of the rescue treatment, it is suggested that dithiocarbamate exerts its effects via competitive chelation and removal of platinum coordinated to protein-bound sulfhydryl groups of the kidney tubule cells [28].
• Moreover, markedly broadened BMs were found in the atrioventricular valves of the heart and in the kidney tubules, whereas the glomerular mesangial matrix of the kidneys was expanded in the mutant mice and serum creatinine levels were elevated, indicating alterations in kidney filtration capacity [29].
• The anaplerotic substrate alanine stimulates acetate incorporation into glutamate and glutamine in rabbit kidney tubules. A (13)C NMR study [30].

Gene context of Kidney Tubules

• Fibulin-2 was not present in ocular ciliary zonules, tendon, and the connective tissue around kidney tubules and lung alveoli, which all contain fibrillin [31].
• It was previously found that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (gelatinase A) and -9 (gelatinase B) were synthesized and secreted into the medium by cultured kidney tubules derived from cystic C57BL/6J-cpk mice [32].
• In embryonic kidney tubules the dystrophin antibody VIA4(2)A3 stained an intracellular antigen close to the basal cells [33].
• Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPS in cultured C57BL/6J-cpk kidney tubules [34].
• Thus the temporal profile of polycystin expression coincides with kidney tubule differentiation and maturation [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Kidney Tubules

• On light and/or electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, the antiserum stained the Golgi apparatus of rat neurons, glia, liver, and kidney tubule cells [36].
• Molecular cloning and expression pattern of rpr-1, a resiniferatoxin-binding, phosphotriesterase-related protein, expressed in rat kidney tubules [37].

References