Disease relevance of Restraint, Physical

• Phencyclidine intoxication, physical restraint, and acute renal failure: case report [1].
• Our previous studies demonstrated that virally infected animals subjected to physical restraint had highly elevated plasma corticosterone levels, suppressed lymphadenopathy, and reduced accumulation of MNC in the lungs [2].
• In a majority of cases, acute cocaine toxicity and physical restraint in police custody were contributory to death [3].
• Maximal heat storage and therefore maximal reduction in exposure time and inhibition of body weight loss to less than 10% of control values were achieved by either physical restraint plus desalivation or by a 500-micrograms dose of atropine [4].

Psychiatry related information on Restraint, Physical

• We report Behavioral Activity Rating Scale agitation scores (range, 1-7) and duration of physical restraints in a naturalistic study in a psychiatric emergency service using IM ziprasidone 20 mg and various doses for conventional antipsychotics [5].

High impact information on Restraint, Physical

• The IL-6 requirement appeared to be specific for virus-type stimuli as the synthetic analogue of viral nucleic acid, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, also induced IL-6-dependent glucocorticoid release, but treatments with the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide and a non-immune physical restraint stressor elicited IL-6-independent responses [6].
• Strikingly, MuSK expression is dramatically induced throughout the adult myofiber after denervation, block of electrical activity, or physical immobilization [7].
• In awake rats, physical restraint inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion by more than 50% [8].
• The hypothalamic peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and stress (physical restraint) significantly stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion [9].
• These facts are consistent with the invasion-suppression activity of cadherins resulting either from the physical restraint of increased cohesion per se or from another cadherin activity mediated through cell-cell contact [10].

Biological context of Restraint, Physical

• In Experiment 1, two strains of female mice were inseminated and randomly assigned to either first trimester physical restraint, restraint plus progesterone, or control conditions [11].
• Tight physical restraint decreased the LD50 values of all four local anesthetics and eliminated any modifying effect of the vasoconstrictor [12].
• The effects of short-term physical restraint and isoflurane anesthesia on hematology and plasma biochemistry in the island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) [13].

Anatomical context of Restraint, Physical

• The effects of central (lateral ventricle) injections of vasopressin (2.5, 25 or 250 ng) on cortisol and prolactin release were investigated in castrated male sheep (N = 6) under basal (non-stress) conditions, during 120min of physical restraint and following peripheral injection of ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (oCRH) [14].
• Epinephrine injection (n = 6) and physical restraint (n = 8) caused rapid mobilization of splenic red blood cells in sham-operated pigs [15].

Associations of Restraint, Physical with chemical compounds

• The utility of this analytical system is demonstrated by the quantitative on-line continuous assay of changes in dialysate striatal extracellular glucose and lactate from a conscious rat during (a) local stimulation of neurons by perfusion with the depolarizing agent, Veratridine, and (b) physical restraint [16].
• Using ribonuclease protection assays, we found that, in addition to the injection of LPS or corticosterone, physical restraint caused a decrease in CRF R2beta mRNA levels in the rat heart and aorta [17].
• Physical immobilization increased circulating beta-END-LI six-fold and pretreatment with dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine or pergolide) significantly attenuated this rise without affecting plasma beta-END-LI levels in non-stressed animals [18].
• Morphine (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (5 mg/kg) together, but neither alone, significantly reduced the rise in plasma beta-END-LI due to physical immobilization or foot shock [19].
• Gentle handling, produced an additional increase in EPI only, whereas physical immobilization, produced massive elevations of circulating levels of both EPI and NE [20].

Gene context of Restraint, Physical

• Central administration of the CRH receptor antagonist astressin blocked the increase in waking after physical restraint, but not during the period of restraint itself [21].
• We have confirmed this by showing that rats exposed to electric footshock, physical restraint, or a conditioned aversive stimulus have increased levels of plasma IL-6 [22].
• Effects of aggressive encounters and physical restraint on plasma LH were not therefore due to reduced pituitary responsiveness to LHRH or to increased plasma concentrations of cortisol [23].
• These results indicate that testosterone inhibits the basal activity of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons and blocks the inhibitory effects of physical restraint on these neurons, but does not alter the ability of these neurons to respond to delayed activation by prolactin [24].
• INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS: An initiative to reduce physical restraint began in March of 1990 with formation of a Restraint Review Committee (RRC), which developed and guided a program of inservice education, policy change, and procedural innovation [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Restraint, Physical

• Influence of chemical immobilization and physical restraint on steroid hormone levels in blood of white-tailed deer [26].
• To complete the model a new high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) stationary phase was prepared by physical immobilization of keratin on silica support [27].

References