Disease relevance of Death

• Multivariate analysis confirmed that an elevation of the peak CRP level > or = 20 mg/dL was an independent predictor of cardiac rupture (relative risk, 4.72; P=.004), left ventricular aneurysmal formation (relative risk, 2.11; P=.03), and 1-year cardiac death (relative risk, 3.44; P<.0001) [1].
• Patients with a lower thallium score (large perfusion defects) are at high risk of cardiac death during the first year after infarction [2].
• In conclusion, after 36 months of metoprolol treatment after myocardial infarction, there was a significant reduction of nonfatal reinfarction and sudden death in all patients and a reduction of cardiac death in those with a large infarct [3].
• For cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, the only significant multivariate predictors were the number of myocardial segments with transient thallium-201 defects (p < 0.0005) and a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05) [4].
• Also, after risk adjustment, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) had higher risk of cardiac death for any MPS result than patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [5].

Psychiatry related information on Death

• RESULTS: Ramipril reduced the incidence of the triple-composite end point of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction or clinical heart failure (risk reduction 58%; 95% confidence interval 7% to 80%, p = 0.031) [6].

High impact information on Death

• Studies were selected if they reported at least 1 of the following outcomes: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, study withdrawal due to adverse events, angina frequency, nitroglycerin use, or exercise duration [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: Diltiazem did not reduce the cumulative occurrence of cardiac death, non-fatal reinfarction, or refractory ischaemia during a 6-month follow-up, but did reduce all composite endpoints of non-fatal cardiac events, especially the need for myocardial revascularisation [8].
• Survival free of major events (cardiac death, mitral surgery, repeat PMV, or functional impairment) was 69% at 7 years, ranging from 88% to 40% in different subgroups of patients [9].
• Independent predictors of cardiac death were MCD (P = .007) and female sex (P = .018) [10].
• The current study was performed to examine whether sex-specific differences exist in these outcomes in a large population of vascular surgery patients and to determine the value of clinical and dipyridamole thallium variables in predicting myocardial infarction and cardiac death [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Death

• For the total follow-up, mortality remained significantly lower in the amiodarone group versus the control group regarding all deaths (p = 0.03) as well as cardiac death (p = 0.047) [12].
• In the sicker CAST-II patients (ejection fraction < or = 40%), only diuretic use at baseline interacted significantly with moricizine use for both all-cause death/cardiac arrest and arrhythmic death/cardiac arrest (total mortality hazard ratios, 1.9 versus 0.7 for diuretic use versus no use, P = .01) [13].
• There were no differences for a hierarchic end point of cardiac death, myocardial infarction or revascularization (14.8% aspirin and dipyridamole vs. 17.8% placebo) [14].
• While a normal dobutamine echocardiogram predicts low risk of cardiac death (on the order of 1% per year), this risk increases with the extent of abnormal wall motion at rest and stress [15].
• CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that adenosine MPS has comparable incremental value for prediction of cardiac death in women and men and that MPS is appropriately influencing subsequent invasive management decisions in both genders [5].

Biological context of Death

• The interactions between diltiazem and three parameters of left ventricular function using cardiac death as the end point were investigated in 2,466 patients, aged 25-75 years, who were involved in the long-term diltiazem postinfarction trial [16].
• There was a diltiazem-related reduction in cardiac death (Cox hazard ratio, 0.76-0.86) for each of the parameters reflecting good ventricular function, and a significant diltiazem-related increase in cardiac death (Cox hazard ratio, 1.52-1.85) for each of the parameters associated with impaired function [16].
• VR dynamicity (determined from Holter's recordings at baseline) was compared before antiarrhythmic therapy in 118 patients who had cardiac death and 118 matched survivors according to age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and subsequent administration or nonadministration of amiodarone [17].
• Therefore the injection of small doses of isoproterenol (4 micrograms/min) may be proposed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with CHF; a weak increase in heart rate during this infusion is a sign of bad prognosis with a high risk of cardiac death as a result of CHF [18].
• Analysis of the corticotrophic cell clumps showed that the suicide victims had higher POMC mRNA density per cell (p = 0.04) and larger corticotrophic cell size (p = 0.04) than the cardiac death victims [19].

Anatomical context of Death

• We conclude that dobutamine stress echocardiography can be used to predict which patients with suspected coronary artery disease are at low risk for cardiac death and do not require concurrent nuclear or invasive testing [20].
• Postmortem changes in uric acid and ascorbic acid in human cerebral cortex tissues excised after cardiac death [21].
• CONCLUSIONS: Medically treated patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and large areas of viable myocardium on PET are at high risk for cardiac death [22].
• We describe the laboratory and anatomic findings in a 15-year-old female with extraordinarily high circulating levels of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) who sustained a precipitous cardiac death secondary to a massive myocardial infarction [23].

Gene context of Death

• In a stepwise Cox regression analysis, including these biochemical markers, age, sex, functional class, and left ventricular ejection fraction, cTnT, and BNP were found to be significantly independent predictors of both cardiac death (p <0.05) and cardiac events (p <0.01) [24].
• Additionally, nonspecific increases in CA125 and TPS levels might be related to nonmalignant circulatory disturbances and cardiac death [25].
• In AMI patients with in-hospital complications (n=15; pump failure in ten, recurrent myocardial infarction in one, malignant ventricular arrhythmia in three and cardiac death in one), spontaneous and stimulated levels of TACE and TNF-alpha were higher than in patients without complications (P<0.01) [26].
• RESULTS: The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for the cTnT as predictor of both overall and cardiac death was significantly greater than the area under the cTnI curve (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01), the BNP curve (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) or the ANP curve (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005) [27].
• Pre-catheterization plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 along with clinical and hemodynamic variables and follow-up data of cardiac death were assessed [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Death

• CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic stress echocardiography with either dipyridamole or dobutamine is effective in predicting cardiac death during a long-term follow-up [29].
• At a mean of 6.3 months of follow-up after hospital discharge, survival free from late cardiac death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty was 74.9% and 81.3% in the stent and the control treatment group, respectively (p = NS) [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: Dobutamine stress echocardiography and SPECT are equally effective in predicting long-term cardiac death in both normotensive and hypertensive patients [31].
• CRP serum levels do not predict cardiac death in renal transplant recipients, in contrast with patients with normal renal function and patients on dialysis [32].
• Complications at 30 days in the clopidogrel group were noncardiac death in 1 (1.2%), cardiac death in 1 (1.2%), stent occlusion in 0, non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in 3 (1.8%), and urgent revascularization in 0 [33].

References