Disease relevance of Angioplasty

• We compared the efficacy of immediate coronary angioplasty after acute myocardial infarction with that of elective angioplasty at 7 to 10 days in patients treated initially with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator [1].
• Bivalirudin was at least as effective as high-dose heparin in preventing ischemic complications in patients who underwent angioplasty for unstable angina, and it carried a lower risk of bleeding [2].
• Improved cardiac functional status after sustained successful coronary angioplasty was demonstrated by an almost normal capacity on bicycle exercise testing and the absence of ischemia during thallium isotope studies in 80 per cent [3].
• End-point data were available for 56 patients randomly assigned to receive tissue plasminogen activator (mean [+/- SD] time to start of infusion, 232 +/- 174 minutes after the onset of chest pain) and 47 patients randomly assigned to receive angioplasty (first balloon inflation at 277 +/- 144 minutes) [4].
• We used the search terms heart failure, congestive; congestive heart failure; heart failure; cardiac failure; and dilated cardiomyopathy in conjunction with the terms coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty [5].

Psychiatry related information on Angioplasty

• Lower rates were seen in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge (59.3% [49.2%-69.2%]); reperfusion, using thrombolytic therapy or coronary angioplasty (67.2% [59.8%-75.1%]); prescription of beta-blockers at discharge (49.5% [35.8%-61.5%]); and for smoking cessation advice (41.9% [32.8%-51.3%]) [6].
• A diminished activated coagulation time response to an initial bolus of heparin is associated with major in-hospital complications after coronary angioplasty, although patients with complications did have a higher risk before the procedure [7].
• In multivariate analysis, only alcohol consumption and diabetes were independent and significant discriminators for late loss of luminal diameter (p = 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively), restenosis (odds ratio 0.54 and 2.08, respectively), and repeat angioplasty (odds ratio 0.39 and 2.18, respectively) [8].

High impact information on Angioplasty

• We designed this study to evaluate the effect of lowering plasma homocysteine levels on restenosis after coronary angioplasty [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a combination of folic acid, vitamin B12, and pyridoxine significantly reduces homocysteine levels and decreases the rate of restenosis and the need for revascularization of the target lesion after coronary angioplasty [9].
• As compared with the patients who were treated with angioplasty and usual care, the patients who received atorvastatin had a significantly longer time to the first ischemic event (P=0.03) [10].
• This difference resulted from a smaller mean (+/-SD) minimal luminal diameter in the angioplasty group (1.85+/-0.56 mm) than in the stent group (2.04+/-0.66 mm), with a mean difference of 0.19 mm (P=0.01) at follow-up [11].
• Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade after coronary angioplasty [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Angioplasty

• Dipyridamole imaging is also useful for identifying residual myocardial ischemia after myocardial infarction and detecting restenosis after coronary angioplasty [13].
• A product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, was measured in 10 subjects with stable angina who underwent angioplasty of a proximal high-grade stenosis (over 90%) of the left anterior descending coronary artery [14].
• BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor given intravenously have been shown to be effective in reducing ischemic complications after coronary angioplasty and in unstable angina, making this a promising new class of agents for the treatment and prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes [15].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty patients with stable coronary artery disease and segmental ventricular dysfunction scheduled for coronary angioplasty underwent dobutamine echocardiography before revascularization using incremental doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 micrograms/kg per minute every 3 minutes [16].
• CONCLUSIONS: Local delivery of heparin in amounts sufficient to inhibit platelet-dependent thrombosis can be accomplished with a hydrogel-coated coronary angioplasty balloon catheter [17].

Biological context of Angioplasty

• This vasoconstriction was significantly blunted in the seven patients who received ketanserin (from 3.7 +/- 0.5 mm2 before angioplasty to 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm2 after 15 minutes) (P = 0.017 for comparison with the eight patients who did not receive ketanserin) [18].
• Scans after captopril administration, which appear to be more specific, may enable the prediction of a blood pressure response to angioplasty or surgery [19].
• The murine/human chimeric monoclonal antibody fragment (c7E3 Fab) blocks GPIIb/IIIa and alpha v beta 3 receptors, inhibits platelet aggregation, and decreases the frequency of ischemic events after coronary artery angioplasty in patients at high risk of suffering such events [20].
• We administered 2,000 micrograms human plasmid phVEGF165 that was applied to the hydrogel polymer coating of an angioplasty balloon [21].
• We assigned patients to prehospital fibrinolysis (n=419) with accelerated alteplase or primary angioplasty (n=421), and transferred all to a centre with access to emergency angioplasty [22].

Anatomical context of Angioplasty

• Inhibition of neointimal smooth muscle accumulation after angioplasty by an antibody to PDGF [23].
• Femoral artery recanalisation with percutaneous angioplasty and segmentally enclosed plasminogen activator [24].
• The extensive neointimal formation that occurs following balloon angioplasty of rat carotid arteries was markedly attenuated by carvedilol (1 mg/kg, i.p.; twice daily starting 3 days before angioplasty and continuing until 14 days after angioplasty) [25].
• How does angioplasty work? Serial analysis of human iliac arteries using intravascular ultrasound [26].
• Predictors and sequelae of distal embolization during saphenous vein graft intervention from the CAVEAT-II trial. Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial [27].

Associations of Angioplasty with chemical compounds

• Of the 15 myocardial regions with defects on redistribution studies that were identified as viable by reinjection studies before angioplasty, 13 (87 percent) had normal thallium uptake and improved regional wall motion after angioplasty [28].
• These patients had total cholesterol levels ranging from 160 to 300 mg per deciliter (4.1 to 7.8 mmol per liter) and were undergoing coronary angioplasty [29].
• Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty [30].
• Local effect of serotonin released during coronary angioplasty [18].
• Coronary bypass surgery was needed in 7.5 percent of the patients in the pravastatin group and 10 percent of those in the placebo group, a 26 percent reduction (P=0.005), and coronary angioplasty was needed in 8.3 percent of the pravastatin group and 10.5 percent of the placebo group, a 23 percent reduction (P=0.01) [31].

Gene context of Angioplasty

• More importantly, the observation that PDE1C is induced only in proliferating SMCs suggests that it may be both an indicator of proliferation and a possible target for treatment of atherosclerosis or restenosis after angioplasty, conditions in which proliferation of arterial SMCs is negatively modulated by cyclic nucleotides [32].
• A parallel but marked increase in ETA and ETB receptor mRNAs compared with preproET-1 and -3 messages was observed after angioplasty [33].
• The increase in ETB receptor mRNA occurred slightly earlier than the increase in ETA receptor mRNA, showing 15.1-fold increase at 1 day (P < .001) and 11.3-fold increase at 3 days (P < .01) after angioplasty [33].
• A similarly delayed increase in preproET-3 mRNA was observed at 7 days (2.8-fold increase, P < .05) and 14 days (2.6-fold increase, P < .05) after angioplasty [33].
• Thus, VSMC proliferation after angioplasty in the rat carotid artery is associated with a temporally and spatially coordinated expression of cdk2, cyclins E and A, and PCNA [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Angioplasty

• Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. ReoPro and Primary PTCA Organization and Randomized Trial (RAPPORT) Investigators [35].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: The 1012 patients enrolled in the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial (CAVEAT I) were followed for at least 1 year after randomization [36].
• After 1 month on the high cholesterol diet, the animals were subjected to one of four strategies: (1) balloon angioplasty, (2) balloon angioplasty followed by treatment with the factor Xa inhibitor antistasin, (3) combined laser and balloon angioplasty, or (4) no angioplasty [37].
• At 30 days, these effects persisted, with the largest reductions seen in diagnostic catheterization (57% versus 63% for heparin, P=.04) and coronary angioplasty (18% versus 22%, P=.08) [38].
• Increased formation of the isoprostanes IPF2alpha-I and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha in acute coronary angioplasty: evidence for oxidant stress during coronary reperfusion in humans [39].

References