Disease relevance of Contraceptive Devices, Female

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential interaction of oral raloxifene 60 mg/day on the efficacy of a low-dose, estradiol-releasing vaginal ring used to treat signs and symptoms of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women [1].
• Long-term, controlled release of the HIV microbicide TMC120 from silicone elastomer vaginal rings [2].
• This paper investigates the relationship between pregnancy rates and body weight of 1005 women using a vaginal ring releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel per 24 hours [3].
• The presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and mycoplasma/ureaplasma was investigated in seventeen women before and after six months use of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing levo-Norgestrel and estradiol and in 16 women using an oral contraceptive containing levo-Norgestrel and ethinylestradiol [4].

High impact information on Contraceptive Devices, Female

• The risk of acute infection was also associated with a history of recurrent infection (relative risk, 5.58 in the university group and 2.10 in the HMO group) but not with cervical-cap use, ABO-blood-group nonsecretor phenotype, or delayed postcoital voiding [5].
• Pilot and phase I investigations demonstrated the feasibility of the local delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) to the cervix using a collagen sponge insert and cervical cap [6].
• A phase I trial was conducted of the vitamin A derivative beta-all-trans-retinoic acid (vitamin A acid; TRA), delivered via a collagen sponge and cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia [7].
• Contraception in hypertensive women using a vaginal ring delivering estradiol and levonorgestrel [8].
• BACKGROUND: Two pharmacokinetic studies were performed to investigate whether there is any interaction between etonogestrel or ethinylestradiol released from the combined contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing and concomitant treatment with orally administered amoxicillin or doxycycline [9].

Biological context of Contraceptive Devices, Female

• Pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel and ethinylestradiol released from a combined contraceptive vaginal ring [10].
• Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with a vaginal ring delivering systemic doses of estradiol acetate [11].
• Estrus was synchronized in 33 ewes by placement and withdrawal of progestin-saturated vaginal sponges [12].
• A vaginal ring releasing 10 mg of the "natural" progesterone per 24 h was tested in breastfeeding mothers [13].
• A vaginal ring releasing both 150 microg of Nestorone and 15 microg of ethinyl estradiol per day has effectively suppressed ovulation for 13 consecutive cycles [14].

Anatomical context of Contraceptive Devices, Female

• Oocyte donation trial: After endometrial proliferation with micronized oestradiol, 153 women were allocated to progesterone replacement with a vaginal ring or i.m. progesterone (100 mg/day) [15].
• Vaginal epithelium is an effective pathway for absorption of estrogen given by solution, tablet, or cream, although only the latter is currently approved for clinical use; relatively constant serum levels of estradiol can be obtained with vaginal rings [16].
• Six weeks later, nickel-titanium coiled springs were ligated between the mandibular canine and first premolar on both sides and activated to deliver 100 g of force [17].
• OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of an oestradiol-releasing vaginal ring and oestriol pessaries in the alleviation of lower urinary tract symptoms occurring after the menopause [18].

Associations of Contraceptive Devices, Female with chemical compounds

• The ability of polysiloxane vaginal rings containing 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) to deliver E2 into the systemic circulation at a steady rate over long periods of time was evaluated in castrate and postmenopausal volunteers [19].
• Absence of pharmacokinetic interactions of the combined contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing with oral amoxicillin or doxycycline in two randomised trials [9].
• RESULTS: Continuous, zero-order release of TMC120 from core-type vaginal rings was observed in vitro over a 71 day period, equivalent to 136 microg/day [2].
• METHODS: Women were randomly assigned to either contraceptive vaginal ring or a 20 microg ethinyl estradiol oral contraceptive pill use for 3 consecutive 28-day cycles, directly followed by 3 cycles of the study drug not initially assigned [20].
• Clinical investigation of a low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing vaginal ring [21].

Gene context of Contraceptive Devices, Female

• During days 38-66 after the insertion of the vaginal ring the concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin binding sites (hereafter: SHBG levels) were also assayed [22].
• LARS treatment for mandibular growth followed by open coiled springs for space gaining [23].
• A polysyloxane vaginal ring containing 1g of natural progesterone was developed as luteal supplementation for women treated with IVF-embryo transfer and for agonadal women participating in an oocyte donation programme [15].
• Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, ovariectomy, and silastic vaginal rings in the Rhesus monkey [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Contraceptive Devices, Female

• Randomized comparison of a new estradiol-releasing vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries [25].
• Estradiol-delivering vaginal rings for hormone replacement therapy [26].
• A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy [27].
• This study evaluated the performance of progesterone vaginal rings (n = 187), progestin-only pills (n = 117), Norplant implants (n = 120), and Copper T 380-A intrauterine devices (n = 122) in lactating women [28].
• Using the multi-compartment vaginal ring system, contraceptive devices can be fabricated relatively simply with pre-programmed release rates for a progestogen and an estrogen to investigate the optimal daily doses for vaginal hormonal contraception [29].

References