Disease relevance of Ureaplasma

• Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in women with systemic lupus erythematosus [1].
• Role of erythromycin for treatment of incipient chronic lung disease in preterm infants colonised with Ureaplasma urealyticum [2].
• Effect of reducing agents, catalase, and reuse of medium on toxicity of media for growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum [3].
• Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in second-trimester amniotic fluid by polymerase chain reaction correlates with subsequent preterm labor and delivery [4].
• Roxithromycin 150 mg bd was effective in eradicating 97% (308/316) of the isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, 88% (149/170) of Ureaplasma urealyticum, 73% (40/55) of Mycoplasma hominis and 57% (13/23) of Gardnerella vaginalis [5].

High impact information on Ureaplasma

• We have now determined the structures of the TK1 family, the human and Ureaplasma urealyticum enzymes, in complex with the feedback inhibitor dTTP [6].
• Ureaplasma urealyticum urease genes; use of a UGA tryptophan codon [7].
• Peptide deformylase inhibitor LBM-415 and seven other drugs were tested against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), Mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), Mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and Ureaplasma species (50 isolates) [8].
• For Ureaplasma spp., the garenoxacin MIC(90) (0.25 microg/ml) was equivalent to those of moxifloxacin and doxycycline, 4-fold less than those of levofloxacin and sparfloxacin, 8-fold less than that of azithromycin, and 32-fold less than that of ciprofloxacin [9].
• The ABT-773 MICs (0.016 microg/ml) for Ureaplasma species were the lowest of those of any drug tested [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ureaplasma

• Dissemination of the tetM tetracycline resistance determinant to Ureaplasma urealyticum [11].
• Twenty-one neonatal respiratory isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum were serotyped, and their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, and doxycycline were tested [12].
• These compounds also inhibited the ATP synthesis induced by urea in ureaplasma cells [13].
• Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum to two new quinolones, sparfloxacin and WIN 57273 [14].
• Minocycline resistance among clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum [15].

Biological context of Ureaplasma

• We have cloned a 4.9-kilobase (kb) HincII fragment which contains a tetracycline resistance determinant (tetM) from the chromosome of Ureaplasma urealyticum [16].
• The static effect of rosaramicin on Ureaplasma urealyticum and the development of antibiotic resistance [17].
• Tetracycline-resistant isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum contain DNA sequences homologous to the streptococcal determinant tetM [18].
• To investigate the pathogenicity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in preterm infants, we conducted a study to determine (1) frequency of isolation from cerebrospinal fluid and tracheal aspirate specimens and (2) clinical outcomes and effect of erythromycin treatment in ureaplasma-colonized infants [19].
• Microbiology of specimens obtained by laparoscopy from controls and from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility with tubal obstruction: Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum [20].

Anatomical context of Ureaplasma

• These findings suggest that antibiotic therapy could be valuable in improving semen quality when Ureaplasma is isolated, and that followup culture for the organism should decide the endpoint in therapy, since resistant strains for doxycycline and tetracycline are emerging [21].
• Growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolates from clinical exudates and urine specimens was significantly improved by supplementation of a Ureaplasma differential agar medium by putrescine [22].
• RESULTS: The BRCA1 gene was detected in the blastocysts only when viable Ureaplasma was present [23].
• Our results showed that dexamethasone, budesonide and rIL-10 significantly inhibited both IL-6 and TNF-alpha production in the THP-1 cell line stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and Ureaplasma urealyticum antigen [24].
• The study confirms the potential of Ureaplasma to form struvite stones in rat urinary tract [25].

Gene context of Ureaplasma

• Among symptomatic women, the likelihood ratio (LR+) for the prediction of PTD was found to be greater than 10 using amniotic fluid (AF) interleukin-6 (IL-6), AF Ureaplasma urealyticum, as well as a multi-marker consisting of cervical IL-6, cervical IL-8, and cervical length (CL) [26].
• The inflammatory response to the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis in the lower genital tract of subfertile men without any signs or symptoms of infection was investigated by measuring the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in seminal plasma [27].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Ureaplasma urealyticum respiratory tract colonization in very low birth weight infants during the first week of life is associated with changes in tracheal aspirate concentrations of the cytokines interleukin 1-beta (IL-1-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 [28].
• Ureaplasma urealyticum strains of all serotypes express a specific human immunoglobulin A1 protease that cleaves immunoglobulin A1 to produce intact Fab and Fc fragments [29].
• Small repeating units within the Ureaplasma urealyticum MB antigen gene encode serovar specificity and are associated with antigen size variation [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ureaplasma

• A high-density lipoprotein with growth-promoting activity for Ureaplasma urealyticum was purified in high yield from equine serum by ammonium sulfate fractionation and molecular filtration [31].
• Inoculation of the synthetic urine with Ureaplasma urealyticum resulted in alkalinization of the synthetic urine and crystallization of struvite and brushite [32].
• CONCLUSION: Bacterial 16S rDNA PCR, in properly controlled conditions, promises to be a fast and reliable test for early intra-amniotic infection especially concerning Ureaplasma urealyticum [33].
• Serum concentrations of erythromycin after intravenous infusion in preterm neonates treated for Ureaplasma urealyticum infection [34].
• Intramuscular injection of flurofamide successfully eliminated genital infections of ureaplasma in sheep only when the treatment was repeated on two consecutive days [35].

References