Disease relevance of Pregnancy Rate

• If this is also true of fertile women, including those not taking clomiphene, it may explain the high frequency of chromosome aberrations occurring in early spontaneous abortion and the low pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilization [1].
• Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that HIV infection and older age were associated with fewer pregnancies, and cocaine use with an increased pregnancy rate [2].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a combined clomiphene citrate/gonadotropin protocol in a general infertility population and to evaluate factors influencing pregnancy rates obtained with this protocol [3].
• OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the impact of subtle tubal disorders on GIFT pregnancy rates in women with pelvic endometriosis [4].
• The comparative results of the patients operated upon revealed a tubal pregnancy rate of 80%, a total pregnancy rate of 70%, a viable pregnancy rate of 55%, three abortions, and one ectopic pregnancy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pregnancy Rate

• Research further suggests that psychosocial factors, like ineffective coping strategies, anxiety and/or depression are associated with a lower pregnancy rate following IVF-procedures [6].

High impact information on Pregnancy Rate

• The pregnancy rate among women receiving isotretinoin therapy was substantially lower than that in the general population and was compatible with the characteristics and behavior of the enrolled women [7].
• For example, manifestations of ovarian hypofunction (primary amenorrhea, late menarche, anovulation, low pregnancy rate, and early menopause) in IDDM can be understood if it is accepted that insulin is necessary for the ovary to reach its full steroidogenic potential [8].
• FINDINGS: Of 4071 women with known outcome, pregnancy rates were 1.5% (21/1359) in those given mifepristone, 1.5% (20/1356) in those assigned single-dose levonorgestrel, and 1.8% (24/1356) in women assigned two-dose levonorgestrel [9].
• The pregnancy rate per cycle was also higher after IVF (72 [33%] vs 53 [26%]; 1.17 [0.97-1.35]) [10].
• RESULTS: Severely diabetic TNF-alpha(+/+) female mice had a much greater decrease in pregnancy rate but a lower incidence of malformed fetuses in litters than severely diabetic TNF-alpha(-/-) female mice [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pregnancy Rate

• The decrease in pregnancy rate in OS-IUI cycles when oestradiol concentration exceeded 5000 pmol/l reflected fewer mature follicles, resulting from premature administration of HCG to avoid severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) [12].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical pregnancy rates (PRs) in anovulatory, male factor, and unexplained infertility using clomiphene citrate (CC) with an IUI and to evaluate the difference in PRs between urinary LH testing and hCG administration for timing of the IUI [13].
• Evaluation of the relationship between semen parameters, pregnancy rate of wives of infertile men with varicocele, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone test before and after varicocelectomy [14].
• The variables examined included pregnancy rates, numbers of fetuses per mated or per pregnant female, numbers of fetuses per corpus luteum, and numbers of fetal resorptions [15].
• CONCLUSION(S): Metformin therapy not only decreases hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance but also improves ovulation rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with PCOS [16].

Biological context of Pregnancy Rate

• In the HH subjects the ovulatory (91%) and pregnancy rates (31%) were high; however, while the lower GnRH dose elicited a normal endocrine pattern, the 5-micrograms dose induced excessive folliculogenesis and high estradiol levels and was associated with most of the multiple pregnancies of this study (three of four) [17].
• No alterations were noted in the transducer-bearing animals in the numbers of corpora lutea, uterine implants, or viable conceptuses, or in fertility, pregnancy rates, rates of ovum transport, or peripheral plasma levels of progesterone (P) or estradiol (E2) [18].
• Exposure of murine blastocysts to LIF at the time of transcervical transfer resulted in pronounced positive effects on implantation and pregnancy rates without affecting fetal development [19].
• Reproductive performance was assessed after exposure to 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, a dose which destroys approximately 50% of PMF reserve, by evaluation of ovulation, mating and pregnancy rates [20].
• Those patients receiving luteal phase support with progesterone beginning on day 6 after retrieval had a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate per transfer compared with those beginning support on day 3 after retrieval (44.8% vs. 61.0%, respectively) [21].

Anatomical context of Pregnancy Rate

• In these patients, a reduced pregnancy rate after IVF was observed if the patient's own oocytes were used [22].
• Semen processed within 30 minutes after collection resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than that processed 31-60 minutes after collection in hMG-treated (48% vs. 18%; P=.02) but not in CC-treated women (10% vs. 8%; P=.81) [23].
• CONCLUSION: Treatment by combination of PTX and vitamin E appears to improve the pregnancy rate in patients with a thin endometrium by increasing the endometrial thickness and improving ovarian function [24].
• No relationship was found between the number of motile spermatozoa and the pregnancy rate using IUI and IVF [25].
• The "good quality" embryos were fewer in number (P = 0.034) and pregnancy rate, both per patient (P = 0.024) and per embryo transfer (P = 0.019), was lower in group I. In the L-arginine group, an increased follicular fluid concentration of nitrite/nitrate was observed [26].

Associations of Pregnancy Rate with chemical compounds

• Higher weight and insulin were associated with lower ovulatory and pregnancy rates; higher LH and testosterone were associated with lower ovulatory rates only [27].
• However, the current paradigmatic hyperstimulation came under scrutiny after the introduction of the GnRH antagonists, which allow milder and more convenient approaches with acceptable cancellation and pregnancy rates but lower requirements for FSH [28].
• Gonadotropic stimulation 12 h after PGF2alpha typically resulted in gestational failure; a marginal improvement in the pregnancy rate was attained by progesterone supplementation [29].
• The aggregate of pregnancy rates in clomifene trials was 7% per cycle, and 6% in gonadotrophin trials [30].
• Progesterone treatment decreased (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates [31].

Gene context of Pregnancy Rate

• VEGF immunoneutralization markedly suppressed plasma progesterone secretion during treatment, but pregnancy rate was not significantly reduced [32].
• Embryos exposed to GLUT8 antisense experienced higher rates of resorptions and lower normal pregnancy rates compared to embryos cultured in GLUT8 sense [33].
• Here, we hypothesize that the high concentrations of IGF-I result in miscarriage, represented by decreased normal pregnancy rates and increased resorption rates in a mouse model [34].
• Body and gonadal fat pad (GFP) weights, along with plasma leptin concentrations, estrous cyclicity, pregnancy rate and litter characteristics, were recorded for each female [35].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum E(2) and P levels at hCG administration, number of oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, and pregnancy rate, and expression of VEGF and IL-6 genes [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pregnancy Rate

• Cryopreservation of embryos and pregnancy rates after IVF [37].
• In conclusion, application of the described mild ovarian stimulation protocol resulted in pregnancy rates per started IVF cycle similar to those observed after profound stimulation with GnRH agonist cotreatment despite shorter stimulation and a 27% reduction in exogenous FSH [38].
• The pregnancy rates following transfer of embryos cultured in 10 microM EDTA minus or plus amino acids or in 100 microM EDTA plus amino acids (38%, 43%, and 50%, respectively) were not significantly different from those of the in vivo control group (43%) [39].
• Randomised clinical trials and controlled cohort observations indicate that for the first 3 years, when pregnancy rates are at or almost zero, no other contraceptive system is more effective, although etonogestrel implants provide equal effectiveness [40].
• However, ongoing pregnancy rates after frozen-thawed embryo transfers were significantly higher when originating from GnRHa + HMG treatments (14.3 and 14.8%, respectively for long and short protocols) than when originating from CC + HMG treatment (5.6%) [41].

References