Disease relevance of Pessaries

• To overcome urethral obstruction and other shortcomings associated with previously described tests such as the Bonney test and the Marshall test, the pessary test was employed during preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence [1].
• The use of povidone-iodine ('Betadine') pessaries in the treatment of candidal and trichomonal vaginitis [2].
• An open trial was carried out in 50 women with clinical signs and mycological evidence of vaginal candidiasis to compare the effectiveness of treatment with 2% miconazole cream with that of nystatin pessaries [3].
• A study was undertaken to compare progesterone pessaries with placebo in the relief of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome [4].
• Treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage by rectally administered gemeprost pessaries [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pessaries

• The categories of drugs included in the analysis were drugs for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia or erectile dysfunction that were prescribed to women, as well as oral contraceptives, vaginal pessaries, hormone therapy, or raloxifene hydrochloride prescribed to men [6].

High impact information on Pessaries

• Controlled-release prostaglandin E2 pessary [7].
• Cardiac standstill induced by prostaglandin pessaries [8].
• Mifepristone in oral doses of 400-600 mg was followed 48 h later by a gemeprost vaginal pessary (0.5-1.0 mg) [9].
• Induction of therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy with mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin pessary [9].
• The best results were achieved by the analogue 16:16 dimethyl P.G.E2 as a vaginal pessary [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pessaries

• Comparison of single administration with an ovule of 600 mg fenticonazole versus a 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal pessary in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis [11].
• Metronidazole pessaries compared with placebo in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis [12].
• Povidone-iodine pessaries (Betadine vaginal pessaries) containing 200 mg of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) in a water soluble base, are a widely used gynaecological preparation for treatment of vaginitis [13].
• We assessed the safety and preliminary acceptability of nonoxynol-9 pessary as a vaginal microbicide in women at low risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) [14].
• Women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic (n = 229) with mycologically confirmed acute vulvovaginal candidiasis were randomised to receive either clotrimazole (500 mg pessary and 1% cream), fluconazole (150 mg single oral dose) or itraconazole (200 mg bd oral dose for 1 day) [15].

Biological context of Pessaries

• Estrus was synchronized during the breeding season using progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G) [16].
• Prostaglandin E2 pessaries to facilitate first trimester aspiration termination [17].
• Forty primigravid women aged 15-45 years were randomly allocated to receive either an intravaginal pessary of 3 mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or an intracervical 5-mm laminaria tent (LT) 12-16 h before termination of pregnancy at 6-14 weeks gestation [18].
• The Foley catheter and a 3 mg dinoprostone pessary (Prostin E2) were compared as methods for cervical preparation before second trimester dilatation and evacuation [19].
• Cervical dilatation with pessaries containing a new prostaglandin E1 analogue in patients undergoing induced abortion [20].

Anatomical context of Pessaries

• A cervical tear occurred in two of 20 patients treated with PGE2 pessaries and all 20 required further dilatation of the cervix [18].
• Our conclusion is that patients who require an induction of labor, when artificial rupture of the membranes is not feasible, benefit from the use of prostaglandin pessaries before the administration of oxytocin [21].
• On Day 5 after pessary insertion, PGF2alpha (15 mg) was given i.m. At pessary removal, 400 IU of eCG were administered i.m. Ewes were inseminated 48-52 h after pessary removal using fresh diluted semen (200 x 10(6) to 350 x 10(6) spermatozoa per 0.2 ml) pooled from the same four rams each day during the experiment [22].
• Blood serum lipids and cholesterol of the ewe during intravaginal pessary treatment [23].
• We compared the efficacy and safety of estriol-containing vaginal pessary use with those of oral nitrofurantoin macrocrystal (NM) therapy for preventing urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI [24].

Associations of Pessaries with chemical compounds

• Vaginal pessaries containing 3 mg of prostaglandin E2 were used to induce labour in 200 patients with variable induction features [25].
• Prostaglandin E, pessaries for induction of labour [25].
• The serum concentrations of miconazole were measured in 11 healthy adult females for 72 hours following a single 1200 mg vaginal pessary [26].
• The mean (+/- standard deviation) number of abnormal events was significantly greater in women treated with misoprostol (5.0 +/- 5.9) versus the dinoprostone pessary (1.6 +/- 2.5) and gel (2.2 +/- 3.1) (P < .05) [27].
• Serum concentrations of oestradiol increased progressively in control sheep during the 48 h immediately after pessary removal [28].

Gene context of Pessaries

• Animals were passively immunized against GnRH (groups 2-5, n = 6) or the carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH; group 1, n = 6), at the time of pessary removal (PR) [29].
• Oestrous cycles were synchronized using progestagen pessaries and either unstimulated or superovulated with 200 mg pig FSH [30].
• Three crossbred ewes synchronized for oestrus with ovarian autotransplants were infused with TGF-alpha (30 micrograms in 12 h) via the ovarian artery for 12 h before withdrawal of progestagen pessary [31].
• RESULTS: Women with fetal fibronectin in their cervico-vaginal secretion had better cervical response to PGE2 pessaries and required fewer doses for induction of labor and they took a shorter time interval from induction to delivery [32].
• However, when progesterone (250 mg) and oestradiol benzoate (7-5 mg) were given intramuscularly on the day of pessary insertion corpus luteum development was inhibited in animals treated at day 2 and was regressed in animals at day 12 [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pessaries

• A single pessary containing 0-5 mg 16, 16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 p-benzaldehyde semicarbazone ester was used for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in 124 first trimester nulliparae [34].
• In both groups, ovulation monitoring was not undertaken and progesterone pessaries (800 mg daily) were administrated when the endometrial thickness had reached 8 mm or more with embryo transfer taking place 2 days later [35].
• Treatments were either pessaries only for 20 days or pessaries for 10 days combined with an intramuscular injection of 250 mg progesterone+7-5 mg oestradiol benzoate on the day of insertion [36].
• In the study described, the force required to dilate the cervix prior to vaginal termination of pregnancy was measured in three groups of patients--a control group, a group which received Lamicel , and a group which received 16,16-dimethyl-trans delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester pessaries [37].
• The effect of pre-operative povidone iodine vaginal pessaries on vault infections after hysterectomy [38].

References