Disease relevance of EINECS 212-655-1

• Coli, and the bacteriophages 0X-174, fd, and lamda, yields diagnostic ions for the four common components of DNA as well as characteristic ions for 5-methyldeoxycytidine residues [1].
• Intracellular Levels of S-Adenosylhomocysteine but Not Homocysteine Are Highly Correlated to the Expression of nm23-H1 and the Level of 5-Methyldeoxycytidine in Human Hepatoma Cells With Different Invasion Activities [2].
• The inhibition of polyoma virus synthesis by 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine and reversal with 5-methyldeoxycytidine [3].
• DNA methyltransferases in normal and avian sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells. Quantitation of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in DNA and enzyme kinetics study [4].

High impact information on EINECS 212-655-1

• The 5-methyldeoxycytidine [(5-MC) CAS: 838-07-3] contents of liver DNA in animals fed diet 2 for 5, 10, and 20 weeks, however, were not significantly different from the corresponding levels in diet 1-fed mice [5].
• Nuclear extracts of chicken embryos promote an active demethylation of DNA by excision repair of 5-methyldeoxycytidine [6].
• The modified nucleotide 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5mdC) can affect the interactions of specific proteins with DNA sequence motifs [7].
• Chemical carcinogen-induced decreases in genomic 5-methyldeoxycytidine content of normal human bronchial epithelial cells [8].
• It has been recently shown that in developing chicken embryonic nuclear extracts there is a 5-methyldeoxycytidine excision repair activity (Jost, J. P. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 4684-4688) [9].

Biological context of EINECS 212-655-1

• Significant losses of DNA 5-methyldeoxycytidine residues in old age could disrupt cellular gene expression and contribute to the physiological decline of the animal [10].
• For some promoter motifs, the introduction of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mC) residues has been shown to alter specific promoter motif-protein interactions [11].
• 5-Methyldeoxycytidine in the Physarum minichromosome containing the ribosomal RNA genes [12].
• We have compared the distribution of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (m5dC) between staphylococcal nuclease (SN) sensitive and resistant regions of human diploid fibroblast chromatin to the corresponding distribution in purified DNA [13].
• Methapyrilene, but not the other antihistamines, produced a significant increase in the methylation of liver DNA at 20 and 34 weeks, as measured by the level of 5-methyldeoxycytidine [14].

Anatomical context of EINECS 212-655-1

• Transient DNA demethylation in differentiating mouse myoblasts correlates with higher activity of 5-methyldeoxycytidine excision repair [9].
• In this work, we examined 5-methyldeoxycytidine ((met)C) content by HPLC in human peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from 76 healthy individuals of ages varying from 4 to 94 years (yr), and 39 human placentas from various gestational stages [15].
• DNA from hepatocyte nodules induced in rats with dietary DL-ethionine and from the surrounding non-nodular liver contained less 5-methyldeoxycytidine per deoxycytidine when compared with that from normal adult liver [16].
• The salvage metabolism of 5-methyldeoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate (5MedCMP) was studied in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells and in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes [17].
• At maturation, the 5mdC levels were high in thymus, spleen and brain, intermediate in lung, and low in liver and sperm [18].

Associations of EINECS 212-655-1 with other chemical compounds

• We also find that 3-aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase, blocks the differentiation of myoblasts, the 5-methyldeoxycytidine excision repair activity, and the genome-wide demethylation [9].
• Hence, 5-methyldeoxycytidine occurs in a silenced mammalian DNA sequence also in dinucleotides other than 5'-CG-3'. This finding raises the question of whether 5-methyldeoxycytidine in non-5'-CG-3' dinucleotides can be maintained in the methylated state during continuous cell propagation [19].
• N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, 1; 2.5 mM) was allowed to react with 2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine, and thymidine (16.1 mM) at physiological pH (cacodylic acid, 50% base), and the reactions were followed by HPLC and HPLC-MS technique [20].
• Two exceptions are 5-aza-CR which inhibits the normal DNA maintenance methylase activity, and 5-methyldeoxycytidine triphosphate which is incorporated into cellular DNA following electroporation and has been shown to silence genes [21].
• In this study, we have examined the change in DNA base composition, including the change in 5-methyldeoxycytidine (m5dC) contents with age of mice [22].

Gene context of EINECS 212-655-1

• Genomic sequencing analyses, undertaken to map 5-methyldeoxycytidine nucleotides located at the GSTP1 transcriptional regulatory region, frequently detected somatic DNA hypermethylation near the gene promoter in HCC DNA [23].
• Furthermore, in differentiating myoblasts, there is first a 50% transient decrease in DNA methyltransferase activity and a 90% drop in the rate of DNA synthesis, followed by an increase in 5-methyl-CpG endonuclease and 5-methyldeoxycytidine excision repair activities [9].
• Polymerase chain reaction products containing 5-methyldeoxycytidine: a microplate immunoquantitation method [24].
• We have now chosen a different experimental approach and have investigated the major late promoter (MLP) sequence of Ad2 DNA for the presence of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-mC) residues with the genomic sequencing technique [25].
• 5-Methyldeoxycytidine (5-mC) at positions +6 and +24 in both or either of the two DNA complements in the late E2A promoter abolishes the formation of a high-molecular-mass DNA-protein complex that is essential for promoter function [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of EINECS 212-655-1

• 5-Methyldeoxycytidine (5MC) was analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by restriction enzyme digestion in rDNA isolated from Physarum polycephalum. rDNA from Physarum M3C strain microplasmodia has a significant 5MC content (about half that of the whole genomic DNA) [12].
• An oligonucleotide (m5C-am2A-m5C)5 containing 2'-amino-deoxyadenosine (am2A) and 5-methyldeoxycytidine (m5C) residues has been synthesized and compared with unsubstituted pentadecadeoxyribonucleotide (CAC)5 as a hybridization probe for DNA fingerprinting [27].
• Nodules and surrounding liver, like normal liver, responded to partial hepatectomy with a decrease in the 5-methyldeoxycytidine level at 24 hrs and a return to the level at the time of partial hepatectomy by 38 hrs [16].

References