Disease relevance of Ortril

• In contrast, methamidophos pretreatment of houseflies does not alter the acephate-induced toxicity and brain AChE inhibition [1].
• The mice were administered orally with doses ranging from 0.28 to 8.96 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) of chloropyriphos and 12.25 to 392.00 mg/kg b.wt. of acephate [2].
• When tested using this diet, acephate, a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin formulation and rotenone reproducibly showed insecticidal activity against the larvae, while neem oil and scabequinone deterred the larval feeding effectively [3].
• The aim of this work was to study the ability of the organophosphate insecticide acephate to alter some biochemical markers of effect related non-genetic cocarcinogenesis [4].
• Airborne contact dermatitis caused by the pesticide acephate [5].

High impact information on Ortril

• Vmax values for acephate hydrolysis ranged from near wild type values to a 10(3)-fold decrease for W131K [6].
• A method based on liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS was developed for sensitive determination of a number of less gas chromatography (GC)-amenable organophosphorus pesticides (OPs; acephate, methamidophos, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl and vamidothion) in cabbage and grapes [7].
• Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether chronic exposure to a low level of acephate (Ace), a commonly used organophosphate insecticide, impaired the LPS response in rats [8].
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced activation of the immune system in control rats and rats chronically exposed to a low level of the organothiophosphate insecticide, acephate [8].
• The mammalian toxicity of Ace analogs may be due to interaction with an 'allosteric' reaction center in the AChE [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ortril

• Acute toxicity of aluminium chloride, acephate, and their coexposure in male Wistar rat [10].
• We examined effects of aerial application of acephate (Orthene), Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki Berliner (Foray), and tebufenozide (Mimic) on larval/pupal parasitoids of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), in the southwestern Georgia coastal plain [11].
• The toxicity of six insecticides, acephate, methomyl, ethofenprox, cartap, chlorfluazuron, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was tested on different developmental stages of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma dendrolimi (Matsumura) [12].

Biological context of Ortril

• It is also proposed that the ED site in cockroach-AChE may be situated in or adjacent to the active site and, therefore, acephate may be bound to the ED site such that the phosphate moiety of acephate interacts with the enzyme's "esteratic" site [13].
• The genotoxic potential of asataf (acephate) was evaluated by a battery of in vivo tests: bone marrow chromosome aberrations, micronucleus, sperm-shape abnormality and dominant lethal tests in mice [14].
• This study also indicated that the ED site in rat-AChE may be peripheral to the active site, and that the binding of acephate to this site prevented the phosphorylation by methamidophos of the rat-AChE [13].
• However, solubilization did not alter the kinetics of inhibition of rat AChE by methamidophos or the kinetics of inhibition of cockroach AChE by acephate or methamidophos [15].
• A range finding study confirmed the LD50 level for acephate was approximately 800 mg/kg [16].

Anatomical context of Ortril

• Kinetic analysis of inhibition of brain and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase by acephate or methamidophos [17].
• Acephate treatment was associated with a decreased number of implantations and live fetuses, and an increased number of early resorptions at 28 mg/kg/day [18].
• Cytotoxic activity and transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells in vitro by the insecticide acephate [19].
• Effects of the insecticide acephate on electron transfer in bovine heart mitochondria [20].
• Dose related histologic changes, including degeneration of muscle fibers, were observed in the muscles of male mice treated with any of the doses of acephate [18].

Associations of Ortril with other chemical compounds

• Doses of chlorpyrifos, parathion, acephate, and trichlorfon that inhibited AChE >70% were administered to the embryos [21].
• Difference absorption spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase in the presence of acephate (N-acetyl O,S-dimethyl thiophosphoramide) [22].
• Our data indicate that AP inhibited both SOD and CHE to a maximum of 91 and 87%, while MH inhibited both SOD and ALAD to a maximum 78 and 90% [23].
• Corticosterone concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in rats exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of acephate (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination [24].
• This work aimed to investigate whether the insecticide acephate (125 or 250 mg/kg b.w.) or diflubenzuron (752 or 1075 mg/kg b.w.), two of the most widely used pesticides worldwide, impairs CYP-linked murine metabolism in liver, kidney and lung microsomes after repeated (daily, for three consecutive days) i.p. administration [25].

Gene context of Ortril

• Acute effects of acephate and methamidophos and interleukin-1 on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) synthesis in and release from the hypothalamus in vitro [26].
• 2. Acephate was a potent inhibitor of cockroach AChE, but a poor inhibitor of rat AChE [15].
• The insecticidal activity of Ace analogs may be due to direct interaction with the active center of the AChE [9].
• Role of oxidant stress and antioxidant protection in acephate-induced renal tubular cytotoxicity [27].
• Regression analyses indicated an ID50 (a dose that inhibits 50% of activity) for acephate inhibition of AChE of 10 mg/kg and an extrapolated ID50 for inhibition of NTE of 1300 mg/kg, almost twice the LD50 [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ortril

• Assessment of genotoxic effects of chloropyriphos and acephate by the comet assay in mice leucocytes [2].
• Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide acephate [28].
• The genotoxic potential of acephate technical (AT) in vitro and in vivo has been studied in bioassays detecting primary DNA damage, chromosomal alterations, and gene mutation [29].
• The current study demonstrated adverse effects of male acephate exposure on pregnancy outcome with effects on sperm parameters at 14 and 28 mg/kg/day [18].
• The mobility of acephate as determined by thin-layer chromatography (saturated flow conditions) was found to be Rf = 1 for all soils except the three with a high silt + clay content, whose Rf was smaller than unity [30].

References