Disease relevance of Nuvacron

• Rapid X-ray diffraction analysis of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor complexes: inhibitor exchange in single crystals of the bound enzyme [1].
• Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail [2].
• Isolation and characterization of a denitrifying monocrotophos-degrading Paracoccus sp. M-1 [3].
• Utilization of monocrotophos as phosphorus source by Pseudomonas aeruginosa F10B and Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum SBL 11 [4].
• Clinically high doses of Azodrin-71 (Tech.) caused tremors and ataxia among chicks on the 10th day after dosing [5].

High impact information on Nuvacron

• A simple reversed-phase column liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cis and trans isomers of monocrotophos (MCP) using a C18 column, aqueous acetonitrile as eluent and UV detection at 218 nm was developed [6].
• In general, monocrotophos induced a significantly higher incidence of micronuclei in bone marrow and peripheral blood erythrocytes over controls [7].
• The mutagenic potential of an organophosphate pesticide, monocrotophos, was evaluated in the chick in vivo system using the chromosome aberration (CA) assay in bone marrow cells and the micronucleus test (MNT) in both bone marrow and peripheral blood erythrocytes [7].
• Parryfos, a farm-grade formulation of monocrotophos, was tested for genotoxicity in the wing primordial cells and the male germ-line cells of Drosophila melanogaster [8].
• Blood samples were collected from 50 smokers who were exposed to the pesticides DDT, BHC, endosulfan, malathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, quinolphos, dimethoate, phosphomidon, cypermethrin and fenvelrate [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nuvacron

• The large differences in relative toxicity may be due to partition distribution which in turn caused differences in absorption, as DDT and dieldrin are lipophilic and monocrotophos is hydrophilic [10].
• Acute toxicity of monocrotophos (MCP) and its newly synthesized thiol analogs 2-butenoic acid-3-(diethoxyphosphinothionyl) methyl ester (RPR II) and 2-butenoic acid-3-(diethoxyphosphinothionyl) ethyl ester (RPR-V) was studied on euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus [11].
• The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos to subterranean termites, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), has been studied by a paper contact method [12].
• The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp. in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study [13].

Biological context of Nuvacron

• In cells incubated with 20 micrograms/ml of the various chemicals, the number of M1 metaphases ranged from 6% (R-1303) to 18% (Azodrin) compared to no M1 metaphases in control cultures [14].
• The genotoxic effects of five pesticides (benomyl, 2,4-D, dimecron, monocrotophos, and vitavax) were evaluated in the rat bone marrow cytogenetic assay [15].
• The degradation of monocrotophos at both concentrations in black vertisol and red alfinsol soils was rapid accounting for 96-98% of the applied quantity and followed the first-order kinetics with rate constants (k) of 0.0753 and 0.0606 day(-1) and half-lives (t1/2) of 9.2 and 11.4 days, respectively [16].
• METABOLISM: The biotransformation of monocrotophos is well understood [17].
• A significant increase in mean comet tail-length (5.21-7.46 microM), indicating DNA damage, was observed at all the doses with monocrotophos when compared to controls (3.36 microM) [18].

Anatomical context of Nuvacron

• Cytotoxicities were ranked as butachlor greater than phorate greater than paraquat greater than monocrotophos to CHO cells and paraquat greater than butachlor greater than phorate greater than monocrotophos to RTE cells [19].
• Aerial application of the insecticide Nuvacron 40% (monocrotophos) had no significant effect on the cholinesterase level of plasma and erythrocytes of cattle, chicken, buffaloes, and human volunteers exposed to the spray [20].
• Tilapia were treated orally with 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 1.875, 2.5, 3.125, 3.75 and 4.375 ppm of monocrotophos and the assay was performed on nucleated erythrocytes after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h [18].
• The order of potency for T cell inhibition was carbaryl = dichlorvos > methiocarb > carbofuran > paraoxon > mevinphos > aldicarb = monocrotophos [21].
• However, there were no significant change in the number of healthy and atretic follicles with 1.6 and 3.3 mg/kg/bodyweight/day monocrotophos treatment [22].

Associations of Nuvacron with other chemical compounds

• No change in the population size was observed even when either monocrotophos or quinalphos was added between two applications of a pyrethroid, all at the 1.0 kg ha-1 level [23].
• Five human volunteers entered methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, or monocrotophos treated cotton fields for five-hr exposure periods when the residues of the respective pesticides had aged 12 hr, 24 and 48 hr and 72 hr [24].
• The quasi-global kinetics based on a simplified consecutive reaction scheme was developed to describe the temporal behavior of monocrotophos decomposition in aqueous solution by UV/TiO2 process [25].
• The 1-h residues were less on older plants (except cotton) for only nuvacron and sevin: 2 and 94.5, 1.9 and 92.8 ppm than on younger ones 2.4 and 137.2, 2.25 and 145 ppm as indicated by Daphnia and mosquito larvae respectively [26].
• Treatment of monocrotophos-poisoned birds of prey with pralidoxime iodide [27].

Gene context of Nuvacron

• Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, monocrotophos (MCP), dichlorvos (DDVP) and phosphamidon significantly inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B activities in rat brain mitochondria [28].
• Species differences in brain acetylcholinesterase response to monocrotophos in vitro [29].
• The kinetics of AChE activity in the presence and absence of azodrin indicated that the toxicant is competitive in nature [30].
• In vitro brain acetylcholinesterase response among three inbred strains of mice to monocrotophos [31].
• Species differences in brain acetylcholinesterase and neuropathic target esterase response to monocrotophos [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nuvacron

• Determination of cis and trans isomers of monocrotophos in technical products by reversed-phase column liquid chromatography [6].
• Genotoxic effect of monocrotophos to sentinel species using comet assay [18].
• Repeated oral administration of monocrotophos in doses of 0.5 and 2.0 mg.kg-1.d-1 produced a significant reduction in the total number of protozoa (31-40%) in the rumen of buffalo calves [33].
• Effect of exposure of human volunteers to the aerial spray of monocrotophos [34].
• There is convincing evidence that monocrotophos is readily absorbed after dermal administration to man, pigs, and rabbits [17].

References