Disease relevance of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• Haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 catalyzes the conversion of 1,2-dichloroethane to 2-chloroethanol and chloride without use of oxygen or cofactors [1].
• Growth could be restored by inoculation with the 2-chloroethanol utilizer Pseudomonas sp. strain GJ1, leading to a new steady state in which about 1% of the mixed culture consisted of cells of strain GJ1 [2].
• The aldehyde dehydrogenase prevents toxicity of the reactive chloroacetaldehyde that is formed as an intermediate and is necessary for establishing a functional 2-chloroethanol degradative pathway in a strain that is not capable of growth on this compound [3].
• Studies on the structure of filamentous bacteriophage fd. III. A stable intermediate of the 2-chloroethanol-induced disassembly [4].
• Twenty organic Salmonella mutagens, seven of which (including benzo[a]pyrene) are established skin carcinogens, and one of which (2-chloroethanol) is a well-defined noncarcinogen to skin, have been evaluated for skin-sensitizing activity using the local lymph node assay [5].

High impact information on Ethylene chlorohydrin

• Lipophilin dissolved in 2-chloroethanol is, compared to the protein in a lipid environment, richer in the alpha-helical conformation but still contains a sizable amount of beta-structure [6].
• The [ Phe1 ] analogue although less soluble behaved similarly to native glucagon, while the [ Ala1 ] and [des- His1 ] derivatives exhibited an increased helical content in 0.01 N HCl as a result of an increased propensity of these derivatives to self-associate in the absence of 2-chloroethanol [7].
• Sulfhydryl assays on whole myelin in 2-chloroethanol indicated that the occurrence of -SH groups in the proteolipid component was at least as high as in the purified apoprotein [8].
• From FTIR spectroscopy, it is found that, when reconstituted into membranes by dialysis from 2-chloroethanol, the peptide has a predominantly beta-strand secondary structure in which the peptide backbone is oriented at an angle of approximately 56 degrees relative to the membrane normal in dry films of phosphatidylcholines [9].
• The possibility that on treatment buried thiol groups became exposed was essentially excluded because (1) similar results were obtained in 2-chloroethanol, a solvent in which acylated and deacylated PLP have the same conformation, and (2) small PLP peptides were labeled only in the presence of hydroxylamine [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• In this study, Pseudomonas sp. strain GJ1, a 2-chloroethanol (2-CE)-degrading organism, and Pseudomonas putida DMP1, a p-cresol-degrading organism, produced distinct biofilms in response to model mixed waste streams composed of 2-CE and various p-cresol concentrations [11].
• Mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to chloroethanol or to chloroacetaldehyde were selected [12].
• Pseudomonas sp. GJ1 is able to grow with 2-chloroethanol as the sole carbon and energy source, but not with 2-bromoethanol, which is toxic at low concentrations (1 mM) [13].
• Phase I pharmacokinetics study of high-dose fotemustine and its metabolite 2-chloroethanol in patients with high-grade gliomas [14].
• BACKGROUND: Ethylene chlorohydrin (CAS 107-07-3), a chemical once used in hastening grape vine sprouting in Taiwan, has caused severe toxicity upon acute exposure [15].

Biological context of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• 2-Bromoethanol was a better substrate than 2-chloroethanol for fatty acid esterification using cholesterol ester hydrolase [16].
• The excretion and tissue distribution of 14C-labelled chloroethanol were studied in rats following single oral administration of 5 and 50 mg/kg body weight [17].
• Residues of 2-chloroethyl fatty acid esters (CEEs) and 2-chloroethanol (ECH), by-products of ethylene oxide fumigation, were determined in black walnuts, seasoning mixes, and spices [18].

Anatomical context of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• The protection elicited by ribosomal protein extracted with 2-chloroethanol was comparable to that induced by intact ribosomes [19].
• By means of analytical ultracentrifugation it was found that alpha MM also promotes the formation of Con A dimers. fixed protoplasts were treated with detergents and 2-chloroethanol at various concentrations and subsequently labeled with 3H-Con A or ferritin-Con A [20].
• A 13C NMR study of calf thymus histone H1 in both aqueous solution and 2-chloroethanol solution was performed to clarify the folding behavior in these systems [21].
• Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.3) from rat liver microsomes was shown to dissociate completely into one polypeptide chain in 75% 2-chloroethanol in water [22].
• The recombinates from human red cell membrane proteins and lipids resulting from dialysis of the components in 2-chloroethanol against aqueous buffers from pH2-12 have been studied by density gradient centrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and freeze-fracture electron microscopy [23].

Associations of Ethylene chlorohydrin with other chemical compounds

• At pH 7.4 the decomposition is predominantly through 2-chloroethyldiazohydroxide, an chloroethanol and acetaldehyde are the major products [24].
• Selected sera from patients who had experienced severe reactions were further examined for IgE directed against isopropyl myristate (IPM), 2-chloroethanol, and extracts from unsterilized dialyzers [25].
• Recombinant models of lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein A-I/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol complexes formed in a 2-chloroethanol-water mixture [26].

Gene context of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• Phospholipids did not dissociate from opsin even in 80% 2-chloroethanol [27].
• Cattle and squid opsins were found to be associated with phospholipids after extensive dialysis of the salt-free digitonin extract of rhodopsin against 30% aqueous 2-chloroethanol (v/v) at pH 2 [27].
• The S-carboxymethyl derivative lacks the concentration-dependent aggregation characteristic of glucagon at pH 10.2 as does the S-methyl derivative but increases its helical content in 30% 2-chloroethanol to the same extent as native and S-methyl hormone [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ethylene chlorohydrin

• In circular dichroism studies, all derivatives exhibited increased helicity in 2-chloroethanol [7].
• Analysis of the metabolites showed that no detectable HEMA was excreted in urine after treatment of rats with 1,1,2-TCE or chloroethanol [29].
• The metabolite, 2-chloroethanol, was simultaneously followed in six patients by gag liquid chromatography and electron capture detection (GLC-ECD) assay [14].
• Trypsinized fractions were solubilized in 2-chloroethanol and gel filtration was performed on a hydroxylated Sephadex LH-60 column [30].
• Toxicokinetics of chloroethanol in the rat after single oral administration [17].

References