Disease relevance of oxamniquine

• Manson's schistosomiasis in Brazil: 11-year evaluation of successful disease control with oxamniquine [1].
• A patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction caused by Schistosoma mansoni was treated with oxamniquine [2].
• Oxamniquine was given in single daily doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight for either two or three days and cured 50% and 85%, respectively, of subjects treated; ova excretion was reduced by 86%-93% for up to 12 months [3].
• Five antischistosomal compounds--hycanthone, two of its chloroindazole analogs (IA-4 and IA-4 N-oxide), oxamniquine, and metrifonate--were tested for mutagenic activity, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 under in vitro and in vivo (host-mediated) conditions [4].
• Helminthiasis treatment is based on chemotherapy with praziquantel or oxamniquine [5].

Psychiatry related information on oxamniquine

• We think that external Ca2+ is important for basal tonus, for spontaneous motor activity, and for motor responses of S. mansoni induced by electrical stimulation and oxamniquine [6].

High impact information on oxamniquine

• This prospective study has shown that oxamniquine treatment controlled endemic schistosomiasis mansoni in a defined rural population in Castro Alves, north-east Brazil [1].
• Mice with 64-day-old Schistosoma mansoni infection (+/- 27 worms, 8-12 pairs) were treated simultaneously with oxamniquine and hycanthone [7].
• Drug resistance in schistosomes is confined essentially to compounds of the hyconthone/oxamniquine family, since no documented case of resistance has so far been reported for the widely used drug praziquantel [8].
• Three compounds are currently in use, i.e., metrifonate, oxamniquine, and praziquantel, and all three are included in the World Health Organization list of essential drugs [9].
• The anti-larval IgE antibody response of adolescents with high or low resistance to infection by Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated before parasitological cure with oxamniquine and over an extended post-treatment period during which the least resistant subjects regained high infections [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of oxamniquine

• Evaluation of oral therapy of mansonial schistosomiasis in the Sudan using single and multiple doses of hycanthone and oxamniquine drugs [11].
• Niridazole is the more effective drug for the child with uncomplicated Schistosomiasis mansoni, but oxamniquine is advised for the adult with this disease [12].
• Metabolism and pharmacokinetic data were inadequate to explain the sex-dependency of this toxicity, but tissue distribution studies with carbon-14 labelled oxamniquine showed that 72 h after a given dose livers of female rats retained more label than males, and that little of this was due to unchanged drug [13].
• The Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical and Brazilian Tropical Medicine Congress abstracts were handsearched SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing oxamniquine and/or praziquantel to placebo for the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni [14].

Biological context of oxamniquine

• The meeting addressed general issues of the organization of public health services, but focused on schistosomiasis where the development of effective, single oral dose chemotherapy (using oxamniquine or praziquantel) is seen as a realistic intervention for large-scale control throughout the 74 endemic countries [15].
• Oxamniquine pharmacokinetics in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the Sudan [16].
• A significant correlation between oxamniquine AUC and T1/2 suggests that its elimination may be non-linear [16].
• On days 70 and 160 two other groups of infected mice were treated with 400 mg/kg of oxamniquine and portal pressure was measured 90 days later (160 and 250 days after infection) [17].
• The DNA fraction from sensitive worms contained radioactive oxamniquine at a level corresponding to about 1 drug molecule per 50,000 base pairs, while the DNA from resistant worms contained essentially no drug [18].

Anatomical context of oxamniquine

• The central nervous system effects of oxamniquine are reviewed with respect to its possible epileptogenic effects [19].
• Twenty male patients (mean age 23 years) with Schistosoma mansoni infections (mean egg count 429 +/- 311/g feces) were each treated with oxamniquine orally in a single daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days [20].
• A characteristic feature of Ro11-3128 treatment in vitro is the formation of exudates and membranous blebs at the schistosomular surface; other drugs tested, such as Ro15-5458 and oxamniquine which are also effective against the skin stages but relatively ineffective in inducing protection, do not induce this reaction [21].
• 1. The extent of metabolism of oxamniquine, 6-hydroxymethyl-7-nitro-2-isopropylaminomethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, in the gut of the dog has been studied using an intestinal preparation which allows collection of the outflow from the portal vein [22].
• Oxamniquine significantly increased the activities of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase and caused necrosis in some liver cells [23].

Associations of oxamniquine with other chemical compounds

• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oxamniquine and praziquantel, the two most clinically important schistosomicide drugs, and to compare the accuracy of faecal examination with the accuracy of oogram in testing for Schistosoma mansoni infection [24].
• The utility of simplex optimisation, modified simplex and response surface mapping are considered with reference to the antischistosomal drug, oxamniquine, separated on an alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column [25].
• Resolution of the enantiomers of oxamniquine by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography with cyclodextrins and heparin as chiral selectors [26].
• Mice were treated with potassium antimony tartrate, hycanthone, oxamniquine, niridazole, or praziquantel at different times after infection with Schistosoma mansoni [27].
• Serotonin may be important for mechanical responses induced by high intensity electrical stimulation and for responses induced by oxamniquine [6].

Gene context of oxamniquine

• In contrast, only 1 serum was synergistic with oxamniquine when administered with drug and both sera were synergistic when given 6-9 days after drug treatment [28].
• The sera from 15 infected patients before and 2 years after treatment with oxamniquine (n = 30) recognized bands ranging in molecular weight from 9 to 200 Kd [29].
• 7. The infection of mice with 30 cercariae of S. mansoni induced portal hypertension, both during the acute and chronic phases and treatment with oxamniquine caused portal pressure to return to normal levels [17].
• Combined low doses of praziquantel and oxamniquine were tested against different stages of Schistosoma mansoni in infected Swiss albino mice [30].
• The prophylactic and curative effects of praziquantel and oxamniquine on a Saudi Arabian strain of Schistosoma mansoni in MF-1 mice were assessed [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of oxamniquine

• At one extreme the development of effective single-dose oral drugs such as praziquantel and oxamniquine makes mass chemotherapy a practical option [32].
• The reported occurrence of drug-resistant schistosomes after treatment with oxamniquine and praziquantel suggests strict monitoring of such phenomena and encourages renewed efforts toward the development of multiple drugs against this human parasite [9].
• Infected recipients and donors with active lesions were treated at least 1 month before transplantation by combined antischistosomal drugs (praziquantel and oxamniquine) [33].
• The serologic activity of a cationic fraction (denoted CEF6) of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen was compared in an ELISA with that of the unpurified soluble egg antigen for the ability to detect human infections and for the prediction of chemotherapeutic success in patients followed up to 5 years post-treatment with oxamniquine [34].
• Treatment of the animals with a schistosomicidal compound (oxamniquine) almost completely abolished the immunosuppression [35].

References