Disease relevance of CBG

• CONCLUSIONS--Intensive CIT, when combined with CBG measurements, can be used to rapidly improve glycemic control in type II diabetes without development of unacceptable hypoglycemia [1].
• Bone marrow cells from 121 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed cytogenetically by standard banding techniques including RHG, GTG and CBG banding [2].
• In the meningioma cells, one chromosome 22 was replaced by an almost metacentric, bisatellited marker chromosome that appeared monocentric after CBG-staining [3].
• Higher porosity and larger pore diameters in the CBG and ACS groups suggested higher bone resorption versus formation in these groups compared to the BMP group [4].
• No other CBG variants were identified among other normal controls (n = 66) or nine patients with Cushing's syndrome [5].

High impact information on CBG

• Under acute stress conditions, the synthesis of TTR, RBP, and CBG is abruptly depressed by a cytokine-directed orchestration of new metabolic priorities, with a redistribution of organ and tissue protein pools [6].
• The chromosome is negative for CBG banding and is devoid of detectable centromeric alpha satellite and its associated centromere protein CENP-B, suggesting activation of a neocentromere within the 1p32-36.1 region [7].
• CBG and NOR banding were not informative in determining the location of the centromere [8].
• The chromosomal constitution based on QFQ (Q bands by fluorescence using quinacrine) RFA (R bands by fluorescence using acridine orange), GTG (G band by Giemsa using trypsin), and CBG (C band by Giemsa using barium hydroxide) techniques was 46, XX, duplicated (9; q12), inverted (9; p12q12.1) in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts [9].
• Here we have examined if any of these single amino acid substitutions could be responsible for the difference in CBG binding and affinity for cortisol between the parental breeds, using in vitro assays of Cbg variants after transfection of mammalian cells [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of CBG

• The effect of transportation/relocation on cortisol, CBG and induction of puberty in gilts with delayed puberty [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant correlation in pH, PCO2, PO2, BE, and HCO3 among ABG, VBG, and CBG values, except for a poor correlation in PO2 in the presence of hypotension [12].

Biological context of CBG

• Both in vitro transfection assays and the association studies suggest a role of the Arg307Gly mutation in increasing CBG capacity (by >70%) and decreasing CBG affinity for cortisol (by 30%) [10].
• On day 10 of age, inhibition of CBG by calculated free B demonstrated an IC50 of 1.5 nM [13].
• Conventional cytogenetic procedures (GTG, CBG and NOR banding) and molecular cytogenetic techniques (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, FISH) were performed on high-resolution chromosomes obtained after peripheral blood lymphocyte culture as also on interphase nuclei of spermatogenic cells from semen samples [14].
• When tested using the CBG (corticosteroid binding globulin) affinities of 31 benchmark steroids, the FLUFF-BALL technique produced results comparable to standard 3D-QSAR methods [15].
• INTERVENTION(S): Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained for karyotyping, and metaphases were studied by standard GBG, RBG, and CBG banding procedures [16].

Anatomical context of CBG

• Adrenal, thymus, and body wts were measured as were transcortin (CBG) and adrenal phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase activity [17].
• Evidence regarding the nature of the regulatory factors which directly act upon liver cells and extra-hepatic tissues to alter CBG synthesis is scarce [18].
• Following high-resolution GTG, RBG, QFQ, and CBG bandings, five cell lines were identified; 45,X/46,X,+mar1/46,X,+mar2/47,X,+mar1x2/47,X,+mar2x 2 [19].
• In previous papers we provided evidence for a glucocorticoid (GC) responsive site in a highly purified rat liver plasma membrane (PM) fraction, which has proved to be osmotically active, 'right side-out' vesicles, free of CBG, glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and ATP (J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 42 (1992) 737-756 and 757-771) [20].
• Analyses of the host bone and junctions between allograft and host bone revealed significantly greater new bone formation and larger osteon radii in the BMP group compared to CBG and ACS groups and contralateral intact bone [4].

Associations of CBG with other chemical compounds

• Progesterone-binding plasma proteins (PBPP, progesterone-binding globulin, PBG, and corticosteroid binding globulin, CBG) have been measured in plasma of guinea-pigs, casiragua, cuis, degu and plains viscacha [21].
• In adult male ducks submitted to marked variations in plasma testosterone concentration, plasma transcortin (CBG) levels were shown to be closely related to the level of plasma testosterone [22].
• DNA adducts with cyclobutylamine and cyclohexylamine ligands inhibited the hydrolysis of platinum-DNA complexes by S1 nuclease [23].
• These findings suggest that CBG is synthesized in the uterine endometrium, predominantly in the secretory phase, and that the serum E2/progesterone ratio exerts an influence on the synthesis of intracellular CBG [24].
• The heterogeneity of the C-band of human chromosome 1 has been evaluated using several selective staining methods: C-banding (CBG), distamycin A plus 4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DA/DAPI) and Giemsa G-11 pattern following the treatment with the restriction endonucleases AluI and HaeIII [25].

Gene context of CBG

• SHBG levels were slightly suppressed, whereas F and CBG levels were unaffected [26].
• Among the negative APP, neither albumin nor prealbumin decreased while CBG increased [27].
• Negative feedback is ameliorated by decreased pituitary and hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptor, increased CBG, and altered fetal pituitary 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 [28].
• Differentiation between steroid hormone receptors CBG and SHBG in human target organ extracts by a single-step assay [29].
• Only FMS patients displayed lower CBG and basal serum cortisol concentrations when compared to controls [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CBG

• The variant involves additional material at the band 9p12, which shows homogeneous staining of intermediate density with GTL- and RBG-banding, and negative staining with CBG-banding [31].
• In transverse sections of allografts, the largest pore diameters were present in the CBG group [4].
• Size and pericentric inversion heteromorphisms of secondary constriction regions (h) of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 as detected by CBG technique in Caucasians: classification, frequencies, and incidence [32].
• Double immunodiffusion analysis indicated that only CBG in Old World monkeys and apes cross-react with the hCBG antiserum [33].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm count, morphology, and GBG, RBG, and CBG banding [16].

References