Disease relevance of Negative Staining

• The size of murine mammary tumor virus has always been found to be larger than murine leukemia virus in all preparations except for negative staining with neutral sodium phosphotungstate [1].
• The polymeric form of Mx1 from E. coli was observed as "horseshoe"-like structure by negative staining microscopy [2].
• Purified VP1 aggregates were shown by negative staining and cryoelectron microscopy to consist predominantly of particles similar to the empty T = 7 viral capsid [3].
• Electron microscopy after rotary shadowing and negative staining of the large chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan from rat chondrosarcoma, bovine nasal cartilage and pig laryngeal cartilage demonstrated a unique multidomain structure for the protein core [4].
• Among these patients with beta 2 m in iliac crest periosteum, 62% had suffered a femoral neck fracture compared to only 4% of matched patients who had negative staining for beta 2 m in the iliac crest (P less than 0.001) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Negative Staining

• Enriched fractions of "tangles" obtained from cases of Alzheimer's disease have been observed by negative staining and platinum: iridium shadowing, and also after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea [6].

High impact information on Negative Staining

• This observation suggests that slide storage adversely affects p53-immuno-staining intensity and could result in spurious negative staining for p53 in patient samples [7].
• RESULTS: Aberrant crypt foci showed positive immunostaining for glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 but negative staining for cyclooxygenase-2 [8].
• By contrast, most MMIHS tissue gave negative staining with ISH and variable results with ICC [9].
• Based on these results and on negative staining electron microscopy, we propose a horseshoe-shaped domain arrangement of axonin-1 that obscures the NgCAM binding site [10].
• Negative staining of the 2-M urea extract revealed predominantly keratin filament subunits, whereas abundant intermediate-sized filaments were observed in the 4-urea and 6-M urea extracts [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Negative Staining

• Virion ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy after negative staining with ammonium molybdate [12].
• We therefore recommend that uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid at pH 4.5 be used for negative staining of rotaviruses; phosphotungstic acid at pH 4.5 is optimal for immunoelectron microscopy [13].
• HTD particles can be banded at 1.16 g/ml in linear sucrose gradients, the characteristic density for retroviruses, and subsequently be used for negative staining and fine structure analysis [14].
• By contrast, over half of the endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited a loss of galactosamine (56.7%) and over a third of them failed to reveal galactose (36.7%) and fucose (30.0%) (negative staining for SBA, PNA and LTA, respectively) [15].
• Amyloidosis was excluded by negative staining with congo red viewed with and without polarized light [16].

Biological context of Negative Staining

• The mass of the easily distinguished particles measured 63(+/- 5) kDa (cryofixation and shadowcasting) and 48(+/- 6) kDa (negative staining) indicating TBP dimerization [17].
• The negative staining for BHLF1 oligonucleotides further supports the viral latency [18].
• RESULTS: Histology confirmed typical features of a duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma, but immunohistochemistry demonstrated negative staining for somatostatin and other polypeptides, which is in contrast to most other reported cases [19].
• The role of cytochemistry has been limited to the negative staining of blasts for Sudan Black B and myeloperoxidase [20].
• In addition, these G1 cells had more condensed chromatin than cells in G0 phase (as determined by Ki-67 negative staining) [21].

Anatomical context of Negative Staining

• In vitro vesicle budding was confirmed by identification of COPI-coated vesicles through immunogold negative staining in a fraction purified from isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation [22].
• Membrane skeletons derived from Triton-treated erythrocyte ghosts were examined by negative staining electron microscopy [23].
• Electron microscopic analysis after negative staining further revealed that actin filaments in the presence of cortactin are cross-linked into bundles of various degrees of thickness [24].
• In the normal appendices, there was a strong staining of the endothelial cells for t-PA, whereas there was negative staining for u-PA [25].
• Moreover, the Shaker channel revealed by negative staining has the appearance of a four-fold symmetric tetramer, with a large, central vestibule that presumably constitutes part of the pathway for ions [26].

Associations of Negative Staining with chemical compounds

• The fragments so generated were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and visualized by negative staining with uranyl acetate on fenestrated carbon films [27].
• Analysis of both positive and negative staining patterns showed that this fundamental pattern was consistent with a unit cell containing two 48-nm-long molecules in an antiparallel arrangement with their NH2 termini overlapping by approximately 34 nm [28].
• The junctional face membrane of the terminal cisternae contains feet structures that extend approximately 12 nm from the membrane surface and can be clearly visualized in thin section through using tannic acid enhancement, by negative staining and by freeze-fracture electron microscopy [29].
• The network of fibrils visualized in these fractions by negative staining is structurally resistant to treatment with DOC, but is either solubilized or disrupted by N-lauroylsarcosine [30].
• The interaction of fructose diphosphate aldolase with F-actin, F-actin-tropomyosin, and F-actin-tropomyosin-troponin has been studied by using negative staining [31].

Gene context of Negative Staining

• This was demonstrated by electron microscopy after negative staining of gold-labeled biglycan in aggregation experiments with collagen VI [32].
• Only increased expression of cytoplasmic MAPK was prognostic for survival (median, 1 year for negative staining versus 1.8 years for positive staining; P = 0.0054) [33].
• MTs polymerized by full length MAP4 were singly distributed as observed by both negative staining electron microscopy and dark field microscopy [34].
• The expression of the crucial receptor for signaling of staphylococcal compounds TLR2 was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry, in contrast to TLR4, which showed a negative staining pattern [35].
• Cases showing positive VEGF immunoreactivity in the stroma had a significantly reduced survival rate compared to those with negative staining (P = 0.037) [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Negative Staining

• Microcrystals, however, were subjected to electron optical examination either after prefixation with glutaraldehyde followed by conventional negative staining or by freeze-fracturing crystals in mother liquor and heavy metal replication with platinum/carbon [37].
• SDS-PAGE analysis under nonreducing conditions as well as negative staining after partial denaturation of the molecules indicated that the globular COOH-terminal domains of Ten-m1 and -m4 contained subdomains with a pronounced stability against denaturing agents, especially when compared with the homologous domains of Ten-m2 and -m3 [38].
• At the protein level, immunofluorescence of the skin of the proband revealed negative staining for the integrin alpha6 and markedly reduced staining for the beta4 subunit [39].
• The authors examined 12 cases of HL by transmission electron microscopy to compare the use of a negative staining technique versus routine plastic embedment for the detection of viruses [40].
• The entire procedure was monitored by negative staining, lipid assays, SDS PAGE and immunoblotting [41].

References