Disease relevance of CAPROLACTAM

• Here, we developed a "P(nitA)-NitR" system for regulatory gene expression in streptomycetes based on the expression mechanism of Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 nitrilase, which is highly induced by an inexpensive and safe inducer, epsilon-caprolactam [1].
• In general, this literature review indicates that epsilon-caprolactam has a relatively low toxicity to humans [2].
• Seizures and dermatitis after exposure to caprolactam [3].
• The enhancement by P addition did not occur if the medium also contained caprolactam and a caprolactam-utilizing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4].
• The chemical caprolactam (CAP) was tested for induction of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of male and female 1C3F1 mice at a single dose of 1000 mg/kg by oral intubation of an aqueous solution at a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g of body weight [5].

Psychiatry related information on CAPROLACTAM

• Our microreaction system using supercritical water solutions achieves nearly 100% yield and 100% selectivity for epsilon-caprolactam production at reaction times shorter than 1 s [6].

High impact information on CAPROLACTAM

• A 22-year-old man was initially seen with dermatitis, fever, and seizures after three days of occupational exposure to caprolactam, a nylon fiber precursor [3].
• Non-charged polymers such as poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) efficiently displaced lactate dehydrogenase from porcine muscle from a Blue Sepahrose column [7].
• Subchronic inhalation toxicity study of caprolactam (with a 4-week recovery) in the rat via whole-body exposures [8].
• The results indicate that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for caprolactam is 70 mg/m3, based on upper respiratory effects, with 243 mg/m3 representing a no-observed-effect level for systemic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and lower respiratory tract effects [8].
• Series: 'Current issues in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis'. No. 24. Caprolactam: black, white or grey [9]?

Chemical compound and disease context of CAPROLACTAM

• Overview of the genetic toxicity of caprolactam and benzoin [10].
• Bacillus thuringiensis could tolerate 295.7 mg/l acrylamide and 198.4 mg/l acrylonitrile toxicity but could not tolerate 297.3 mg/l epsilon-caprolactam [11].

Biological context of CAPROLACTAM

• This study was designed to assess the potential subchronic inhalation toxicity of caprolactam when administered as a 3-micron aerosol from an aqueous solution to Sprague-Dawley CD rats (10/sex/group) via whole-body exposure [8].
• Caprolactam (CAP) induced chromosome aberrations in whole-blood cultures of human lymphocytes at 50 mM without metabolic activation (24-h treatment) and at 200 mM in the presence of rat liver S9 mix (1-h treatment) [12].
• Induction of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges by caprolactam in vitro [12].
• Benzoin and caprolactam were examined for their capability of inducing alkaline DNA fragmentation in mouse and rat liver DNA after treatment in vivo [13].
• Caprolactam (CAP) and benzoin (ZOIN) were tested in the mouse micronucleus test at two dose levels, one of which was the maximum tolerated dose [14].

Anatomical context of CAPROLACTAM

• Chromosomal damage induced by caprolactam in human lymphocytes [15].
• Antagonism of GABA-mediated inhibition in the central nervous system by caprolactam derivatives [16].
• The induction of DNA-strand breaks and unscheduled DNA synthesis in F-344 rat hepatocytes following in vivo administration of caprolactam or benzoin [17].
• Caprolactam induces genetic alterations in early germ cell stages and in somatic tissue of D. melanogaster [18].
• Assessment of unscheduled DNA synthesis in Fischer 344 rat pachytene spermatocytes exposed to caprolactam or benzoin in vivo [19].

Associations of CAPROLACTAM with other chemical compounds

• Male ICR/JCL mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of caprolactam (CAP), or 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of benzoin (ZOIN) [20].
• Differential modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors by caprolactam derivatives with central nervous system depressant or convulsant activity [21].
• The results show that protonated caprolactam tetrafluoroborate (CPBF) has a relatively strong acidity with -0.22 of Hammett acidic scale H(0) and caprolactam trifluoroacetate (CPTFA) and pyrrolidonium trifluoroacetate (PYTFA) ILs possess very low viscosities, that is, 28 cP and 11 cP, respectively [22].
• The seven noncarcinogens produced several biochemical effects at doses of 1/5 the LD50: increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity (SGPT) (caprolactam and DEDTC), decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (DEDTC), and increased hepatic ODC activity (8-hydroxyquinoline and DEDTC) [23].

Gene context of CAPROLACTAM

• Caprolactam was tested in the in vitro human lymphocyte cytogenetic assay both in the presence and absence of S9 mix at dose levels up to 5500 micrograms/ml using lymphocytes obtained from a male donor and in the presence of S9 mix using lymphocytes obtained from a female donor [15].
• Influence of caprolactam on rat-liver tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CAPROLACTAM

• High-pressure liquid chromatography of caprolactam and its metabolites in urine and plasma [25].
• The impurity distribution inside crystalline layers in static layer crystallizations was explored theoretically and experimentally for a binary eutectic mixture of caprolactam and water [26].

References