Disease relevance of Piritramide

• Postoperative pain was treated with intravenous piritramide (opioid receptor agonist with analgesic potency of 0.7 compared with morphine) using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump [1].
• INTERVENTIONS: Induction of acute respiratory failure by a 4-hr infusion of live E. coli bacteria in 12 animals; six animals anesthetized with methohexital/piritramide; six animals anesthetized with isoflurane [2].
• We report a patient in whom chronic intramuscular piritramide led to a focal fibrotic myopathy [3].
• Eighteen dogs (six per group) anesthetized with piritramide and N2O received three sequential doses (1.5 mL/kg body weight) of one contrast medium in less than 20 seconds [4].
• The piritramide group experienced significantly more adverse events than the epidural group (p < 0.001), especially hypotension (p < 0.01) and vomiting (p < 0.05) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Piritramide

• Intracranial self-stimulation in rats as a function of various stimulus parameters. VI. Influence of fentanyl, piritramide, and morphine on medial forebrain bundle stimulation with monopolar electrodes [6].

High impact information on Piritramide

• The time to the first analgesic request, the amount of postoperative piritramide via PCA and pain intensity on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS-100) were used to evaluate postoperative analgesia [1].
• Population pharmacokinetics of piritramide in surgical patients [7].
• Forty-two piglets were anesthetized with piritramide, were placed in the prone position, and had the anterior chamber of one eye punctured with a small Teflon cannula to measure IOP [8].
• Postoperative pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), by the time to first analgesic request and by the supplemental piritramide consumption [9].
• Total postoperative piritramide consumption decreased and the time to first analgesic request increased significantly with increasing doses of i.a. morphine (P<0.05, anova and linear regression) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Piritramide

• CONCLUSION: Celecoxib has no effect on postoperative pain scores and PCA piritramide requirements [10].
• The impact of the postoperative acute phase response was investigated by obtaining daily serum samples from 18 surgical patients until the third postoperative day, and measuring piritramide protein binding, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, total protein and albumin [11].
• BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous piritramide and subarachnoid bupivacaine was studied during postoperative pain management in comparison with nurse-administered bolus injections [12].

Biological context of Piritramide

• Anesthetized (midazolam/piritramide) dogs (n = 8) were instrumented for measurement of left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, and blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and circumflex coronary artery [13].
• During the postoperative acute phase response, the protein binding of piritramide did not change [11].
• The tissue distribution was studied; highest concentrations of piritramide were measured in kidney, bile and urine [14].
• METHODS: In anaesthetized (piritramide) open chest pigs, heart rate, left ventricular and aortic pressure, left descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCX) coronary artery and aortic blood flow, myocardial systolic shortening in the LAD and LCX area were monitored, and myocardial power was calculated [15].
• A method for the determination of the synthetic narcotic analgesic piritramide in human serum utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization two-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) is presented [16].

Anatomical context of Piritramide

• Since piritramide myotoxicity has never been reported, we have studied its effect on rat skeletal muscle [3].
• Arrhythmogenic, antiarrhythmic and inotropic properties of opioids. Effects of piritramide, pethidine and morphine compared on heart muscle isolated from rats [17].
• Twenty patients received anaesthesia using remifentanil with a small dose of piritramide (0.1 mg kg(-1)) after closure of the dura mater [18].

Associations of Piritramide with other chemical compounds

• At first pain assessment, 63% of patients reported no or mild pain; 80% of patients required the second opioid bolus, those receiving piritramide needed the bolus significantly later than patients receiving buprenorphine or fentanyl [19].
• Mean 24-hour PCA piritramide requirements were 22.63 mg (SD, 23.72 mg) and 26.14 mg (SD, 22.57 mg) in the celecoxib and placebo groups, respectively (P = not significant) [10].
• Thirty postoperative patients, after undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and standard general anesthesia, were randomly allocated to three groups and received, in the recovery ward, a continuous infusion of either pentazocine, piritramide, or ketamine [20].
• Fifteen patients in each group received either an epidural infusion of 0.1% ropivacaine with 1 microgram/mL sufentanil (R + S) or 0.1% ropivacaine without sufentanil (R) at a rate of 5-9 mL/h. All patients had access to i.v. piritramide via a patient-controlled analgesia device [21].
• RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between piritramide protein binding and the concentrations of total protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein [11].

Gene context of Piritramide

• In an open prospective study the pharmacokinetics of piritramide were investigated in four groups: newborns (NB, age: 1-28 days) (n=8), infants 1 (IF1, age: 2-4 months) (n=7), infants 2 (IF2, age: 5-12 months) (n=14) and young children (YC, age: 2-4 years) (n=10) [22].
• Combined dichotomous data on pain intensity and relief, and the need for rescue analgesics from eight morphine, one pethidine, one piritramide, and one nalbuphine trial (691 patients), were in favour of PCA (RR 1.22 (1.00 to 1.50), NNT 8) [23].
• A visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the Glasgow Coma Score, a modified Aldrete Score, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and piritramide consumption were evaluated every half an hour postoperatively [18].
• Pipamperone and its internal standard (piritramide or 1'-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-[1,4'-bipiperidine]-4'-carbo xamide) were extracted from alkalinized plasma by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed on a reversed-phase (C18) column [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Piritramide

• The plasma concentration of piritramide was determined by gas chromatography [7].
• Thirteen dogs were studied during general anesthesia with an opioid (piritramide), which was infused throughout the experiments [25].
• At 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h postoperatively visual analogue scale (VAS) values (0-100 mm), piritramide requirements and side effects were registered [26].
• A method for the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) quantification of piritramide, a synthetic opioid, in plasma after conventional off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and in urine by on-line SPE-LC/MS/MS in positive electrospray mode was developed and validated [27].
• Focal myopathy associated with chronic intramuscular injection of piritramide [3].

References