Disease relevance of Dura Mater

• However, 34 recipients of other tissues--2 receiving corneas, 3 receiving lyophilized soft tissue, 25 receiving ethanol-treated bone, 3 receiving dura mater treated with gamma radiation, and 1 receiving marrow-evacuated, fresh-frozen bone--tested negative for HIV-1 antibody [1].
• These neoplasms consist of aggressive fibrosarcomas of soft tissue as well as diffuse meningeal tumors originating from the dura mater that surround the whole central nervous system and cause severe hydrocephalus [2].
• The NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) provokes delayed migraine attacks when infused into migraineurs and also causes iNOS expression and delayed inflammation within rodent dura mater [3].
• The analysis of ganglioside distribution in each meningioma showed that in the majority of the cases the increase of ganglioside content was primarily the result of selective accumulation of ganglioside GM3; in the remaining cases ganglioside GM1 was present in a significantly higher amount than in the control dura mater and leptomeninges [4].
• Interestingly, doses of CP-122,288 that inhibit neurogenic inflammation in rat dura mater (0.3-300 ng kg-1) were demonstrated to be devoid of vasoconstrictor activity in either the carotid or coronary vascular beds of dog [5].

High impact information on Dura Mater

• April 2004: A 53-year-old woman presented with a large club-shaped intra- and extraspinal tumor of the C6 nerve root which had intradurally grown through the enlarged C5-6 neural foramen and focally infiltrated the dura mater [6].
• At necropsy, eight whitish nodes and diffuse thickening of the dura mater from C1 to C6 were found [7].
• The expression of Msx2 in the dura mater disappeared after birth. <P> FGF and BMP signalling pathways were further examined in vitro, in E15 mouse calvarial explants [8].
• Signals from the dura mater may regulate the maintenance of sutural patency prenatally, whereas signals in the osteogenic fronts dominate after birth [8].
• Msx1 and Msx2 were expressed in the sutural mesenchyme and the dura mater [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dura Mater

• Two patients presenting with recurrent multiple cranial neuropathy showed diffuse thickening and gadolinium enhancement of the dura mater on brain MRI [9].
• Long-term superior cervical sympathectomy induces mast cell hyperplasia and increases histamine and serotonin content in the rat dura mater [10].
• After nematode infection or neonatal treatment with capsaicin, a large increase in the number of rat mast cell protease II-immunoreactive mast cells was found within dura mater segments (+1478% and +596%, respectively), without concomitant changes of rat mast cell protease I- or rat mast cell protease I/II-immunoreactive mast cells [11].
• Because there is no need for the suture to remain longer than until healing has occurred and as remaining foreign material will predispose to foreign body reactions and infection, it was considered important to test new absorbable materials like polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) and polyglycolic acid (Dexon) for closure of the dura mater [12].
• Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in vascular headaches and the dura mater has been implicated as a tissue where vascular headache develops [13].

Biological context of Dura Mater

• We tested DNA from 15 centrally infected cases of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) (dura mater or corneal homografts and stereotactic EEG electrodes), 11 peripherally infected cases (native human growth hormone or gonadotrophin), and 110 control individuals for the presence of mutations in the chromosome 20 amyloid gene [14].
• Capsaicin-sensitive neurogenic sensory vasodilatation in the dura mater of the rat [15].
• In dura mater, 45% of the [Leu]enkephalin hydrolysis was due to enkephalinase and 38% to bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidases [16].
• The progressive decrease in sICAM-1 levels during attacks and the down-regulation of LFA-1 expression by lymphocytes could antagonize their transvascular migration, supporting the hypothesis of sterile inflammation in the dura mater during migraine attacks [17].
• The authors hypothesize that this effect was due to paracrine signaling (e.g., transforming growth factor beta 1 and fibroblast growth factor 2) from the dura mater, and they are investigating those mechanisms in ongoing experiments [18].

Anatomical context of Dura Mater

• A cervical MRI revealed an ill-defined, enhancing lesion from C1 to C6, internally attached to the dura mater and compressing the spinal cord [7].
• Fgf9 was expressed throughout the calvarial mesenchyme, the dura mater, the developing bones and the overlying skin, but Fgf4 was not detected in these tissues [8].
• Normal Lewis rats (susceptible to both EAN and EAE) had significantly greater numbers of mast cells in the dura mater (about 6x) of the meninges and the sciatic nerve (3x) than Brown Norway rats (resistant to EAE and EAN induction under normal circumstances) [19].
• Further, the high levels of histamine found in CF-1 mice whose brains had been frozen in situ were accompanied by an extensive degranulation of mast cells in the dura mater of these mice [20].
• For this purpose, bosentan, a specific non-peptide mixed antagonist of ET receptors, was tested in rat models of neurogenic and non-neurogenic plasma extravasation in the dura mater and extracranial tissues (eyelid, conjunctiva, lip, tongue) [21].

Associations of Dura Mater with chemical compounds

• Trigeminal afferents of the supratentorial dura mater were activated by mustard oil (MO) and the responses of second-order neurons to stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (GON) were studied before and after dural stimulation [22].
• Coronal sutures induced to undergo osseous obliteration in vitro after removal of the dura mater were found to require soluble, heparin-binding factors present in dura mater to resist osseous obliteration [23].
• Glucose and mannitol diffusion in human dura mater [24].
• Diffusion coefficients of glucose and mannitol in the human dura mater tissue at 20 degrees C have been estimated as (1.63 +/- 0.29) x 10(-6)cm(2)/s and as (1.31 +/- 0.41) x 10(-6) cm(2)/s, respectively [24].
• Bosentan, a specific mixed antagonist of endothelin receptors with no vasoconstrictor activity, inhibits neurogenic plasma extravasation (NPE) within rat dura mater [25].

Gene context of Dura Mater

• Role of endothelin in mediating neurogenic plasma extravasation in rat dura mater [21].
• In the dura mater there were high levels of NT-3 and NGF, and low levels of BDNF and NT-4 mRNAs; and high levels of trkC mRNA, and relatively high amount of trkB mRNA, while levels of trkA mRNA was undetectable [26].
• These data demonstrate for the first time that acute stress triggers NI and mast cell activation in mouse dura mater through the activation of NK-1 receptors [27].
• The role of ETB receptors was finally confirmed by the observation that exogenous administration of the ETB receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c also induced plasma protein extravasation in the dura mater [21].
• Histamine was released from dura mater mast cells by compound 48/80, SP and CGRP but from peritoneal mast cells only by compound 48/80 and SP [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dura Mater

• Electron microscopy revealed degenerating unmyelinated axons in the dura mater after an acute exposure to capsaicin (10 microM), providing support for the existence and possible functional role of capsaicin-sensitive dural afferent nerves [15].
• We demonstrate the effect of the highly specific and moderately lipophilic serotonin agonist eletriptan (Pfizer) which prevents the effects of electrical stimulation in the dura mater [29].
• Local application of the NO donator diethylamine-NONOate (NONOate) to the exposed dura mater encephali of the rat caused dose-dependent increases in meningeal blood flow recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry [30].
• Ethylene oxide sterilization of bone, dura mater, and fascia lata for human transplantation [31].
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In order to elucidate the mechanism of tissue welding, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the ultrastructural changes on the surface of dura mater and peripheral nerves after CO2 laser welding [32].

References