Disease relevance of CELSR2

• A randomised prospective comparison of the Flamingo Wallstent and Ultraflex stent for palliation of dysphagia associated with lower third oesophageal carcinoma [1].
• Four esophagorespiratory fistulas were successfully closed with covered Flamingo stents [2].
• PURPOSE: Our center's experience with Ultraflex, Flamingo, SR stent and Flexstent for the palliation of malignant esophageal strictures is reported, and current pertinent literature is reviewed [2].
• Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and atherosclerosis in a roseate flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) [3].
• Cestodiasis with intestinal diverticulosis in a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) [4].

High impact information on CELSR2

• Tissue morphogenesis during development is dependent on activities of the cadherin family of cell-cell adhesion proteins that includes classical cadherins, protocadherins, and atypical cadherins (Fat, Dachsous, and Flamingo) [5].
• We propose that Wnt11, by interacting with Frizzled 7 and Flamingo, modulates local cell contact persistence to coordinate cell movements during gastrulation [6].
• RESULTS: Celsr2 was down-regulated in one cell line and in 7% of breast cancers [7].
• Using methylated CpG island amplification (MCA)/representational difference analysis (RDA), we identified four CpG islands in neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2), Protocadherine Flamingo1 and MFPC (Methylated Fragments in Prostate Cancer) 7 and 8 [8].
• A comparison with tandemly repeated DNA sequences in other avian species showed that several of these conserved elements were also present at similar locations within the 184-bp repeat of the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), suggesting a great antiquity of the repeat [9].

Biological context of CELSR2

• Cells exposed to the inactive phthalate monoester mono-methyl phthalate showed no change in celsr2 phosphorylation [10].
• These data show that MEHP exposure rapidly alters testicular celsr2 immunolocalization as well as celsr2 posttranslational modification in a model cell line [10].
• Celsr2 is a unique protein that has structural characteristics of both an adhesion molecule and a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and has been demonstrated to function in Sertoli-germ cell adhesion [10].

Anatomical context of CELSR2

• Because GPCRs are regulated by phosphorylation, the hypothesis that phthalate exposure induces the phosphorylation of celsr2 was tested by examining phosphorylation in celsr2-transfected HeLa cells treated with MEHP [10].
• CONCLUSIONS: Flamingo stents are effective for palliation of malignant dysphagia, but the large diameter stent seems to be associated with more complications involving the esophagus than the small diameter stent [11].
• At a mean follow-up of 52.4 months, all patients were free of symptoms and flamingo views confirmed successful arthrodesis with no residual instability of the pubic symphysis [12].
• DESIGN: Evaluation of 338 prospectively followed patients with dysphagia from obstructing esophageal or gastric cardia cancer who were treated with an Ultraflex stent (n = 153), a Gianturco Z-stent (n = 89), or a Flamingo Wallstent (n = 96) of either a small diameter (n = 265) or a large diameter (n = 73) during the period 1996 to 2004 [13].
• Within 2 h of a 1-g/kg mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) exposure, in vivo Sertoli cell celsr2 localization was altered; celsr2 immunostaining became concentrated in the basal aspect of Sertoli cells, and then a diffuse pattern emerged [10].

Associations of CELSR2 with chemical compounds

• At concentrations of 1 microM or greater, MEHP transiently increased celsr2 phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues; celsr2 phosphorylation was increased by 15 min of exposure and returned to control levels after 60 min [10].
• BMI was significantly associated with flamingo balance (B = 0.26, P = 0.04) [14].

Regulatory relationships of CELSR2

• Inhibition of protein kinase C or casein kinase 1 prevented MEHP-induced celsr2 phosphorylation, while inhibition of protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect [10].

Other interactions of CELSR2

• Human CELSR1, CELSR2 and CELSR3 are Stan homologs [15].
• Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate rapidly increases celsr2 protein phosphorylation in HeLa cells via protein kinase C and casein kinase 1 [10].
• RESULTS: Three known (EphA1, Brk, and Ron) and 2 novel (KIAA0728 and KIAA0279) PTKs were found to be highly expressed in the 7 HNSCC samples studied, based on the technique of reverse transcriptase-PCR with degenerate primers [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CELSR2

• Physical fitness included health-related items (step test, PWC170, the sit and reach, sit-ups and leg lifts, flexed arm hang) and motor performance items (standing long jump, vertical jump, arm pull strength, flamingo stand, shuttle run, plate tapping) [17].
• Moreover, minor complications, particularly pain, were associated with prior radiation and/or chemotherapy in patients with a large- or a small-diameter Gianturco Z-stent (HR 4.27, 95% CI 1.44-12.71) but not in those with an Ultraflex stent or a Flamingo Wallstent [13].
• These two patients had an esophagocutaneous fistula following laryngectomy and a Flamingo Wall stent was used [18].
• Flamingo forceps for use in microscopic antrostomy [19].
• CONCLUSION: Flamingo stents provide an effective and safe choice of palliative therapy in inoperable malignant esophagogastric strictures [20].

References