Disease relevance of Surgical Instruments

• The rate of transplacental passage of diazepam (DZ) has been studied in 33 cases of cephalic presentation where operative forceps delivery was indicated by intrauterine hypoxia or by prolonged second stage of labor [1].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a model for contaminated surgical instruments, thin stainless-steel wire segments were exposed to scrapie agent, washed exhaustively with or without treatment with 10% formaldehyde, and implanted into the brains of indicator mice [2].
• Implants increased with pneumoperitoneum at the midline incision from 44% to 71% (p < 0.01) and at trocar sites from 41% to 64% (p < 0.00001) [3].
• Two experiments in rats were performed to determine the impact of both tissue trauma and leakage of CO2 along trocars (chimney effect) in the development of port-site metastases [4].
• OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of vaginal fetal fibronectin sampling without use of a sterile speculum examination as a screening test for predicting spontaneous preterm birth [5].

Psychiatry related information on Surgical Instruments

• In order to evaluate the effects of riluzole on motor activity in post-traumatic peripheral neuropathy (PTPN), the sciatic nerve of Wistar male rats was exposed monolaterally and subjected to crushing for one min by a surgical forceps [6].
• The UK is not, however, testing autopsy specimens attributably for abnormal PrP (PrP(SC)) so that recipients at risk after a blood transfusion from, or exposed to surgical instruments from, a deceased carrier of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be followed up to quantify transmission risks [7].

High impact information on Surgical Instruments

• After 7 weeks, animals were sacrificed, and trocar and midline wounds were harvested for macroscopic and histological analysis [8].
• Cytochalasin B (CB), at 100 or at 10 mg/kg single dose s.c. in carboxymethyl-cellulose (2%)/Tween-20 (1%) 24 h after s.c. challenge of B6D2F1 mice with trocar implants of B16F10 tumor s.c., delayed the appearance of measurable tumor nodules by 157 and 93%, respectively, and extended host survival by 65 and 26% [9].
• The detection of PrP(Sc) in muscle tissue from all forms of CJD indicates the possible presence of infectivity in these tissues, suggesting important implications for assessing the potential risk of iatrogenic spread via contaminated surgical instruments [10].
• An extra working channel allowed the introduction of biopsy forceps or injection needles as well as surface staining with methylene blue in order to visualise the surface of the crypts and the pit pattern architecture [11].
• Once the trocar is removed, the blunt-ended cannula can be advanced or can be subject to inadvertent motion without causing damage to the luminal surface of the access [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Surgical Instruments

• Culture of Helicobacter pylori: effect of preimmersion of biopsy forceps in formalin [13].
• After external forceps crush injury alone, contrast angiograms were generally normal (6 of 14) or showed minimal luminal irregularity (3 of 14), and 5 of 14 had 30% to 50% stenosis [14].
• Phase 2: all speculums inoculated with adenovirus supported growth of the organism irrespective of cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol swabs [15].
• The use of forceps and the presence of fetal distress were both associated with significantly raised tissue concentrations of PGE2 [16].
• Nitinol goose-neck snares were used in 28 of 32 cases, but more than one retrieval system was required in eight cases (25%), often using grasping forceps, tip-deflecting wires, or stone baskets to move the foreign body into a more favorable position for snaring [17].

Biological context of Surgical Instruments

• Moreover, M100907 significantly increased the amplitude and duration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and currents evoked by electrical stimulation of the forceps minor [18].
• However, the possibility that some residual glutaraldehyde present in biopsy forceps after decontamination could affect Hp viability has not yet been investigated [19].
• Associated factors included oxytocin use (four cases), prostaglandin use (three cases), use of vacuum or forceps (three cases), grand multiparity (two cases), and malpresentation (two cases) [20].
• When an alternative disinfection technique is required, washing the speculum with chlorhexidine gluconate and tap water is preferred over wiping with a 70% isopropyl alcohol swab [21].
• All patients were considered to be at high risk for preterm delivery and were screened with fetal fibronectin testing without using a speculum at 2- to 3-week intervals from 22 weeks to 32 weeks of gestation [5].

Anatomical context of Surgical Instruments

• At approximately 8 weeks of age, the left optic nerve of each rat was crushed with forceps and, immediately after, 4 muL of TCEP (or vehicle alone) was injected into the vitreous at the pars plana to a final concentration of 6 or 60 microM [22].
• Six forceps biopsies were obtained from the normal-appearing sigmoid mucosa for the analysis of ODC [23].
• In each case pain was exacerbated by pushing on cystic duct surgical clips with an EUS-guided needle, and temporarily abolished by an EUS-guided injection of bupivicaine and triamcinolone [24].
• In a second experiment, 10 canine and cadaveric aortas and common iliac arteries with metal surgical clips on two to three mm. branches were pressurized with methylene blue in normal saline at 150 mm [25].
• Protocol subjects received intramuscular ketorolac 60 mg and scopolamine 0.25 mg, intravenous metoclopramide 10 mg, and gastric suctioning; bupivacaine (2.5 mg/mL) with epinephrine (5 micrograms/mL) was injected at trocar sites and dripped onto the fallopian tubes [26].

Associations of Surgical Instruments with chemical compounds

• This problem was solved by selecting a biopsy forceps producing smaller variations in sample size, by limiting the time of cold ischaemia to four to five minutes only and by taking three biopsy specimens for each single histamine value [27].
• PGE2 and LTB4 concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay for tissue samples that were flash frozen after removal from the biopsy forceps and also in medium that was collected from tissue samples that were incubated for 4 h following removal from the subject [28].
• Radiopaque surgical clips placed at excision biopsy help plan boost-irradiation target fields [29].
• Neonatal drug concentrations and neonate/mother concentration ratios are reported in 73 cases of elective Caesarean section and forceps deliveries where diazepam was used as an intravenous sleep-inducing agent [30].
• The majority of the CL, VL and MD neurons were excited by nociceptive stimulation such as pinching the skin with serrated forceps and/or intra-arterial injection of bradykinin [31].

Gene context of Surgical Instruments

• BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to carry out an immunohistochemical analysis of cell cycle-regulating-protein (p21, p27, and Ki-67) expression in endoscopic biopsy samples obtained using angled biopsy forceps [32].
• The SPARC technique involves passage of the trocars from an initial suprapubic approach [33].
• Fiberoptic endoscopy of the nose is not essential for routine evaluation of allergic rhinitis when the allergist is skilled in performing a thorough speculum examination [34].
• Laparoscopic tubal manipulating forceps for extrusion of early ectopic pregnancy [35].
• RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the fetal fibronectin samples collected with a speculum (27/121) yielded positive results [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Surgical Instruments

• Significantly more women randomized to epidural analgesia had forceps deliveries compared with those randomized to meperidine analgesia (12% [26 of 226] vs. 3% [7 of 233]; P < 0.001) [37].
• All methods of management except needle aspiration resulted in a fair rate of resolution (70 to 100%), but recurrence rates were high for observation (60%), needle aspiration (79%), trocar thoracotomy (63%), tetracycline sclerosis (86%), and silver nitrate sclerosis (43%) [38].
• The following protective measures were applied in nine animals: trocar fixation, prevention of gas leaks, rinsing of instruments with povidone-iodine, minilaparotomy protection, rinsing of trocars before removal, peritoneal closure, and rinsing of all wounds with povidoneiodine [39].
• No GI flora were found on forceps after the colonoscopes after soaking in gluteraldehyde for 2 and 20 minutes [40].
• These results demonstrate that irrigation with an isotonic mannitol surpasses that with conventional ionic fluids, such as a saline, for prevention of both tissue adherence to bipolar diathermy forceps and removal of heat generated during electrical coagulation [41].

References